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<p>Mangrove ecosystems are globally significant carbon sinks, but data remain sparse for tropical small island settings like Bangkobangkoang Island, Indonesia. This lack of information constrains effective blue carbon management and threatens ecosystem sustainability. Framed within a coastal geomorphological context, this study aims to estimate total soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks down to 1&#xa0;m, analyze influencing factors, map spatial distribution, and propose site-specific management strategies. Sediment cores were sampled to 100&#xa0;cm and analyzed for bulk density and organic matter using Loss on Ignition (LOI). SOC stocks were calculated for three depth intervals. Methodological robustness was confirmed through cross-validation of Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation against Kriging, while Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) identified dominant drivers. The average total SOC stock was 364.01 ± 69.21&#xa0;Mg C ha<sup>−1</sup>. Crucially, the highest carbon stock was found in the deepest layer (60–100&#xa0;cm), confirming a significant deep blue carbon pool. MLR analysis demonstrated that vegetation height was the sole significant factor influencing SOC accumulation (coefficient = 344.294, p = 0.020). Spatially, SOC accumulation was highest in the north/northwest, representing high-value spatial anchors for carbon burial, and lowest in the south due to anthropogenic disturbance and geomorphological constraints. These findings emphasize that deep blue carbon stability, rather than active surface sequestration alone, is the defining feature of this ecosystem. The recommended strategy shifts from generic conservation to the spatial prioritization of high-stature forests and the protection of deep soil reservoirs through a collaborative blue carbon-based economy.</p>

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Coastal geomorphological perspectives on deep blue carbon accumulation and its spatial distribution in a tropical small island mangrove ecosystem

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月12日

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  • Askiyamin Alimuddin,
  • Bachtiar W. Mutaqin,
  • Muhammad Kamal

摘要

Mangrove ecosystems are globally significant carbon sinks, but data remain sparse for tropical small island settings like Bangkobangkoang Island, Indonesia. This lack of information constrains effective blue carbon management and threatens ecosystem sustainability. Framed within a coastal geomorphological context, this study aims to estimate total soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks down to 1 m, analyze influencing factors, map spatial distribution, and propose site-specific management strategies. Sediment cores were sampled to 100 cm and analyzed for bulk density and organic matter using Loss on Ignition (LOI). SOC stocks were calculated for three depth intervals. Methodological robustness was confirmed through cross-validation of Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation against Kriging, while Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) identified dominant drivers. The average total SOC stock was 364.01 ± 69.21 Mg C ha−1. Crucially, the highest carbon stock was found in the deepest layer (60–100 cm), confirming a significant deep blue carbon pool. MLR analysis demonstrated that vegetation height was the sole significant factor influencing SOC accumulation (coefficient = 344.294, p = 0.020). Spatially, SOC accumulation was highest in the north/northwest, representing high-value spatial anchors for carbon burial, and lowest in the south due to anthropogenic disturbance and geomorphological constraints. These findings emphasize that deep blue carbon stability, rather than active surface sequestration alone, is the defining feature of this ecosystem. The recommended strategy shifts from generic conservation to the spatial prioritization of high-stature forests and the protection of deep soil reservoirs through a collaborative blue carbon-based economy.