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<p>Monitoring of post-management mangrove rehabilitation/restoration (R/R) projects is necessary to assess the effectiveness of restoration practices. In northeast Brazil, we studied the evolution of tree diversity, aboveground biomass (AGB), and carbon (C) stock over 16&#xa0;years of management in two nearby mangrove areas: one restored by planting <i>Rhizophora mangle</i> and other self-recovered. Results show that after an increase over the first 10&#xa0;years, AGB and C stock have stabilized in the <i>R. mangle-</i>dominated restored area, while they continued to increase in the self-recovered area, driven by the sustained increase in <i>R. mangle</i> biomass. Populations of the key crab species <i>Goniopsis cruentata</i> and <i>Ucides cordatus</i> influence forest biomass through selective propagule consumption of <i>Laguncularia racemosa</i>. The higher consumption of these propagules by omnivorous crabs and likely also competition with <i>R. mangle</i> were key factors in the decline of <i>L. racemosa,</i> confirming the natural dominance of <i>R. mangle.</i> We show that the same natural ecological processes, density dependence, herbivory, and bioturbation, can lead to similar recovery outcomes in terms of AGB, C stock, and crab fauna in a cleared neotropical mangrove stand, regardless of whether the restoration was natural or anthropogenic. We also show that in well-connected estuarine mangroves, conservation of mature fragments, self-recovery, and assisted R/R methods, can be applied as complementary strategies. This “mosaic approach” can help reestablish ecosystem functionality and enhance the stand’s net carbon content.</p>

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Restored and naturally regenerated mangroves of same age converged in tree density and carbon content

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月21日

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  • Alexander C. Ferreira,
  • Tommaso Giarrizzo,
  • Luis Ernesto A. Bezerra

摘要

Monitoring of post-management mangrove rehabilitation/restoration (R/R) projects is necessary to assess the effectiveness of restoration practices. In northeast Brazil, we studied the evolution of tree diversity, aboveground biomass (AGB), and carbon (C) stock over 16 years of management in two nearby mangrove areas: one restored by planting Rhizophora mangle and other self-recovered. Results show that after an increase over the first 10 years, AGB and C stock have stabilized in the R. mangle-dominated restored area, while they continued to increase in the self-recovered area, driven by the sustained increase in R. mangle biomass. Populations of the key crab species Goniopsis cruentata and Ucides cordatus influence forest biomass through selective propagule consumption of Laguncularia racemosa. The higher consumption of these propagules by omnivorous crabs and likely also competition with R. mangle were key factors in the decline of L. racemosa, confirming the natural dominance of R. mangle. We show that the same natural ecological processes, density dependence, herbivory, and bioturbation, can lead to similar recovery outcomes in terms of AGB, C stock, and crab fauna in a cleared neotropical mangrove stand, regardless of whether the restoration was natural or anthropogenic. We also show that in well-connected estuarine mangroves, conservation of mature fragments, self-recovery, and assisted R/R methods, can be applied as complementary strategies. This “mosaic approach” can help reestablish ecosystem functionality and enhance the stand’s net carbon content.