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<p>Petroleum contamination due to industrial activities is a significant environmental problem, especially when it pollutes water resources. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of using oil spill dispersant (OSD), constructed wetlands, and phytoremediation using <i>Lemna minor</i> in improving the quality of petroleum-contaminated water. The experiment was conducted using a group randomized design with a combination treatment of petroleum-based commercial OSD (Non-Bio-OSD) and environmentally friendly palm oil-based OSD (Bio-OSD) in a laboratory-scale constructed wetland system. The results showed that Bio-OSD significantly reduced COD and BOD₅ levels to meet water quality standards. The highest COD reduction efficiency of 39.78% was achieved when Bio-OSD with a dispersant to oil ratio of 0.1:1 treatment was implemented, with a BOD<sub>5</sub> reduction efficiency of 27.60%. GC–MS analysis showed the degradation of long-chain hydrocarbons such as n-hexadecane and nonadecane. The highest COD reduction efficiency by Non-Bio-OSD was 27.17% with DOR 0.25:1, showing that Bio-OSD performed better. The weight of <i>Lemna minor</i> biomass decreased slightly during the process, indicating that OSD is toxic to the plant. Regardless of the successful construction of wetlands in reducing COD and BOD<sub>5</sub>, it is recommended that the growth conditions of the aquatic plant be improved for a sustainable phytoremediation process. Future research should consider field-scale applications and long-term ecotoxicological studies to assess the broader environmental impact of Bio-OSD and Non-Bio-OSD treatments.</p>

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Bioremediation of petroleum contaminated water using oil spill dispersant and Lemna minor in laboratory-scale constructed wetland

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月26日

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  • Muhammad Ridho Fitrisyah,
  • Anas Miftah Fauzi,
  • Mohamad Yani

摘要

Petroleum contamination due to industrial activities is a significant environmental problem, especially when it pollutes water resources. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of using oil spill dispersant (OSD), constructed wetlands, and phytoremediation using Lemna minor in improving the quality of petroleum-contaminated water. The experiment was conducted using a group randomized design with a combination treatment of petroleum-based commercial OSD (Non-Bio-OSD) and environmentally friendly palm oil-based OSD (Bio-OSD) in a laboratory-scale constructed wetland system. The results showed that Bio-OSD significantly reduced COD and BOD₅ levels to meet water quality standards. The highest COD reduction efficiency of 39.78% was achieved when Bio-OSD with a dispersant to oil ratio of 0.1:1 treatment was implemented, with a BOD5 reduction efficiency of 27.60%. GC–MS analysis showed the degradation of long-chain hydrocarbons such as n-hexadecane and nonadecane. The highest COD reduction efficiency by Non-Bio-OSD was 27.17% with DOR 0.25:1, showing that Bio-OSD performed better. The weight of Lemna minor biomass decreased slightly during the process, indicating that OSD is toxic to the plant. Regardless of the successful construction of wetlands in reducing COD and BOD5, it is recommended that the growth conditions of the aquatic plant be improved for a sustainable phytoremediation process. Future research should consider field-scale applications and long-term ecotoxicological studies to assess the broader environmental impact of Bio-OSD and Non-Bio-OSD treatments.