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<p>In this study, K/Mg co-doped biochar (KMBC) was successfully synthesized through one-step pyrolysis using potassium bicarbonate and magnesium nitrate impregnated ginkgo biloba leaves, and used to degrade tetracycline (TC) by activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS). With KBC/PMS and MBC/PMS comparisons, KMBC/PMS system exhibits excellent degradation performance, with a TC removal efficiency of 80.63% within 5&#xa0;min. TC was degraded up to 90.36% by KMBC using an active PMS system in just 30&#xa0;min. An examination of the structure–activity relationship analysis identified C = C, O–C = O, and MgO as the key active sites for PMS activation. Quenching studies revealed that <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> was the dominant reactive species in the KMBC/PMS system. The KMBC has excellent reusability and practical application, and the removal of TC was still 89.23% after five reuse cycles. The subsequent toxicity assessment confirmed that the KMBC/PMS system has good ecological safety. This work provides a co-doping strategy to develop biochar-based high-performance PMS activators for TC removal.</p>

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Ginkgo Biloba Leaves Biochar Doped with K/Mg Promotes Peroxymonosulfate Activation for Tetracycline Removal in Aqueous Media Via Singlet Oxygen Generation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月30日

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  • Shuaishuai Zhang,
  • Yulong Feng,
  • Xinan Sun,
  • Meizhu Hou,
  • Peng Sun,
  • Zhenchao Gu,
  • Lianke Zhang

摘要

In this study, K/Mg co-doped biochar (KMBC) was successfully synthesized through one-step pyrolysis using potassium bicarbonate and magnesium nitrate impregnated ginkgo biloba leaves, and used to degrade tetracycline (TC) by activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS). With KBC/PMS and MBC/PMS comparisons, KMBC/PMS system exhibits excellent degradation performance, with a TC removal efficiency of 80.63% within 5 min. TC was degraded up to 90.36% by KMBC using an active PMS system in just 30 min. An examination of the structure–activity relationship analysis identified C = C, O–C = O, and MgO as the key active sites for PMS activation. Quenching studies revealed that 1O2 was the dominant reactive species in the KMBC/PMS system. The KMBC has excellent reusability and practical application, and the removal of TC was still 89.23% after five reuse cycles. The subsequent toxicity assessment confirmed that the KMBC/PMS system has good ecological safety. This work provides a co-doping strategy to develop biochar-based high-performance PMS activators for TC removal.