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<p>Present study investigates the feasibility of Partially Lateritised Khondalite (PLK), an abundant bauxite mining co-product, as a low-cost adsorbent for arsenic remediation. To enhance its arsenic removal efficiency, controlled thermal activation (100–900 ºC) was employed. The materials were comprehensively characterized using XRF, TG–DTA, XRD, pH<sub>PZC</sub>, FTIR, FE-SEM, and XPS techniques to evaluate their physicochemical properties and structural transformations. Thermal activation at the optimum temperature of 400 ºC resulted in enhanced surface reactivity and favourable surface charge characteristics. Batch adsorption studies with As(V) and As(III) were conducted to optimize operational parameters including solution pH, adsorbent dose, adsorption time, and temperature. The adsorption kinetics for both arsenic species were best described by the pseudo-second-order model, while equilibrium data fitted well to the Freundlich isotherm model, indicating heterogeneous chemisorption. The optimized adsorbent exhibited maximum adsorption capacities of 17.18&#xa0;mg&#xa0;g⁻<sup>1</sup> for As(V) and 7.13&#xa0;mg&#xa0;g⁻<sup>1</sup> for As(III). Among the investigated co-existing ions, phosphate exhibited the strongest competitive interference toward arsenic adsorption due to competition for active adsorption sites. The optimized adsorbent successfully reduced arsenic concentrations in spiked groundwater below the WHO guideline value of 10&#xa0;µg L⁻<sup>1</sup>, although higher adsorbent dosages were required in complex aqueous matrices. Regeneration studies demonstrated moderate reusability over four adsorption–desorption cycles, with a gradual decline in adsorption capacity while maintaining acceptable chemical stability under environmentally relevant pH conditions.</p>

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Valorisation of Partially Lateritised Khondalite as an Efficient Adsorbent for Arsenic Removal from Water

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月25日

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  • Rutuja T. Kamble,
  • P.V. Nidheesh,
  • Sujana M. Gude

摘要

Present study investigates the feasibility of Partially Lateritised Khondalite (PLK), an abundant bauxite mining co-product, as a low-cost adsorbent for arsenic remediation. To enhance its arsenic removal efficiency, controlled thermal activation (100–900 ºC) was employed. The materials were comprehensively characterized using XRF, TG–DTA, XRD, pHPZC, FTIR, FE-SEM, and XPS techniques to evaluate their physicochemical properties and structural transformations. Thermal activation at the optimum temperature of 400 ºC resulted in enhanced surface reactivity and favourable surface charge characteristics. Batch adsorption studies with As(V) and As(III) were conducted to optimize operational parameters including solution pH, adsorbent dose, adsorption time, and temperature. The adsorption kinetics for both arsenic species were best described by the pseudo-second-order model, while equilibrium data fitted well to the Freundlich isotherm model, indicating heterogeneous chemisorption. The optimized adsorbent exhibited maximum adsorption capacities of 17.18 mg g⁻1 for As(V) and 7.13 mg g⁻1 for As(III). Among the investigated co-existing ions, phosphate exhibited the strongest competitive interference toward arsenic adsorption due to competition for active adsorption sites. The optimized adsorbent successfully reduced arsenic concentrations in spiked groundwater below the WHO guideline value of 10 µg L⁻1, although higher adsorbent dosages were required in complex aqueous matrices. Regeneration studies demonstrated moderate reusability over four adsorption–desorption cycles, with a gradual decline in adsorption capacity while maintaining acceptable chemical stability under environmentally relevant pH conditions.