<p>Soils in mining areas are frequently contaminated with both arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) as a result of mineral extraction and smelting activities, necessitating the development of novel, cost-effective, and highly efficient remediation materials. This study investigates the short-term stabilisation effects of chitosan-modified iron filings (CFF) on As and Sb in mining-impacted soils, as well as the associated changes in soil risk levels and phytotoxicity before and after stabilisation. The results indicate that, at an optimal dosage of 3% (w/w), CFF reduced the leaching concentrations of As and Sb in contaminated Guangxi soil to 2.05&#xa0;mg&#xa0;kg⁻¹ and 0.12&#xa0;mg·kg^⁻1, respectively, after 35&#xa0;days of treatment at pH 7, achieving stabilisation rates exceeding 96% for both elements. In Yunnan soil treated under similar conditions for 28&#xa0;days, leaching concentrations of As and Sb were reduced to 4.32&#xa0;mg·kg^⁻1 and 0.47&#xa0;mg·kg^⁻1, respectively, with stabilisation rates surpassing 90%. The CFF treatment altered the speciation of the heavy metals through surface complexation (for As) and precipitation/coprecipitation (for Sb), which increased the proportion of residual As and Sb in both soils, thereby reducing the Risk Assessment Coefficient (RAC) to zero. Following remediation, mung bean germination indices increased by 151.97% and 164.57%, respectively, confirming the environmental safety of the material and providing a novel approach to remediating contamination in mining areas.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>