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<p>The widespread use of antimony (Sb) in textile catalysis has led to wastewater contamination dominated by Sb(OH)<sub>6</sub><sup>−</sup>, which is difficult to remove using conventional treatments. This study presented a sustainable waste-to-value strategy for the synergistic upcycling of sewage sludge and rice straw into a magnetic biochar (MBC) for Sb(V) removal. The optimized MBC, M<sub>0.3</sub>-S/R(4:1)-BC, was synthesized through co-pyrolysis combined with iron co-precipitation, yielding a composite with enhanced specific surface area, abundant oxygen-containing functional groups and well-dispersed iron oxide particles, achieving a high Sb(V) removal efficiency of &gt; 90% at a low dosage of 0.5&#xa0;g/L within a wide pH range (pH 4 ~ 10). The adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models with a maximum adsorption capacity of 47.50&#xa0;mg/g at 313&#xa0;K, was spontaneous and endothermic. Spectroscopic analysis and density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the mechanism was primarily governed by strong chelation with -Fe-O-Fe groups (<i>E</i><sub>ads</sub> = -3.81&#xa0;eV), aided by ligand exchange with -COOH groups (<i>E</i><sub>ads</sub> = -1.07&#xa0;eV), hydrogen bonding with -OH/-NH<sub>2</sub> groups and π-π interactions with aromatic rings. The MBC retained 72% of adsorption efficiency after five regeneration cycles and demonstrated effective Sb and P elimination in real textile wastewater, highlighting the practical promise of this synergy-driven, waste-derived adsorbent for sustainable water treatment.</p>

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Synergistic Upcycling of Sewage Sludge and Rice Straw into Magnetic Biochar for Enhanced Sb(V) Removal: Adsorption Performance and Mechanisms

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月18日

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  • Yun Zhang,
  • Min Yao,
  • Yubo Liu,
  • Huasheng Gao

摘要

The widespread use of antimony (Sb) in textile catalysis has led to wastewater contamination dominated by Sb(OH)6−, which is difficult to remove using conventional treatments. This study presented a sustainable waste-to-value strategy for the synergistic upcycling of sewage sludge and rice straw into a magnetic biochar (MBC) for Sb(V) removal. The optimized MBC, M0.3-S/R(4:1)-BC, was synthesized through co-pyrolysis combined with iron co-precipitation, yielding a composite with enhanced specific surface area, abundant oxygen-containing functional groups and well-dispersed iron oxide particles, achieving a high Sb(V) removal efficiency of > 90% at a low dosage of 0.5 g/L within a wide pH range (pH 4 ~ 10). The adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models with a maximum adsorption capacity of 47.50 mg/g at 313 K, was spontaneous and endothermic. Spectroscopic analysis and density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the mechanism was primarily governed by strong chelation with -Fe-O-Fe groups (Eads = -3.81 eV), aided by ligand exchange with -COOH groups (Eads = -1.07 eV), hydrogen bonding with -OH/-NH2 groups and π-π interactions with aromatic rings. The MBC retained 72% of adsorption efficiency after five regeneration cycles and demonstrated effective Sb and P elimination in real textile wastewater, highlighting the practical promise of this synergy-driven, waste-derived adsorbent for sustainable water treatment.