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<p>This study presents a sustainable and effective approach for fluoride removal from drinking water through the green synthesis of cost-effective and eco-friendly CeO<sub>2</sub>-NiO nanocomposites (CeO<sub>2</sub>-NiO NCs) using <i>Piper nigrum</i> leaf extract as a natural fuel. Characterization by XRD, SEM–EDX, FTIR, TEM, and XPS confirmed the successful synthesis of CeO<sub>2</sub>-NiO NC with an average crystallite size of 5.2&#xa0;nm. Batch adsorption studies optimized using Central Composite Design (CCD) within the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) achieved a maximum fluoride removal efficiency of 99.99% under optimized conditions of an initial fluoride concentration at 70&#xa0;mg L<sup>−1</sup>, a pH of 2, an adsorbent dose of 1&#xa0;g 100&#xa0;mL<sup>−1</sup>, and a contact time of 180&#xa0;min. The excellent adsorption performance was attributed to the smaller crystallite size, enhanced availability of active adsorption sites. The CCD model showed high predictive accuracy with an R<sup>2</sup> value of 0.9912, and the 3D surface plots illustrated the interactions between adsorption variables. The Langmuir isotherm model confirmed monolayer surface coverage with a maximum adsorption capacity (qm) of 4.67&#xa0;mg&#xa0;g<sup>−1</sup>, and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model confirmed that chemisorption was the primary rate-controlling process. The adsorbent also exhibited good regeneration performance with 82.5% removal efficiency after four cycles, demonstrating its potential as a sustainable material for groundwater defluoridation applications.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Evaluating Fluoride Adsorption Potential of Green Synthesised CeO2-NiO Nanocomposite Using Response Surface Methodology

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月18日

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  • Pallavi Sulakiya,
  • Ananthu Pariyaran,
  • Pooja K. Ravishankar,
  • Poornima G. Hiremath,
  • Nagaraju Ganganagappa,
  • Raja Naika H

摘要

This study presents a sustainable and effective approach for fluoride removal from drinking water through the green synthesis of cost-effective and eco-friendly CeO2-NiO nanocomposites (CeO2-NiO NCs) using Piper nigrum leaf extract as a natural fuel. Characterization by XRD, SEM–EDX, FTIR, TEM, and XPS confirmed the successful synthesis of CeO2-NiO NC with an average crystallite size of 5.2 nm. Batch adsorption studies optimized using Central Composite Design (CCD) within the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) achieved a maximum fluoride removal efficiency of 99.99% under optimized conditions of an initial fluoride concentration at 70 mg L−1, a pH of 2, an adsorbent dose of 1 g 100 mL−1, and a contact time of 180 min. The excellent adsorption performance was attributed to the smaller crystallite size, enhanced availability of active adsorption sites. The CCD model showed high predictive accuracy with an R2 value of 0.9912, and the 3D surface plots illustrated the interactions between adsorption variables. The Langmuir isotherm model confirmed monolayer surface coverage with a maximum adsorption capacity (qm) of 4.67 mg g−1, and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model confirmed that chemisorption was the primary rate-controlling process. The adsorbent also exhibited good regeneration performance with 82.5% removal efficiency after four cycles, demonstrating its potential as a sustainable material for groundwater defluoridation applications.

Graphical Abstract