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<p>Lead (Pb) pollution in aquatic systems continues to be a significant environmental and public health issue. This situation thus necessitates a focus on effective methods for removing Pb from contaminated water. While <i>Panicum maximum</i> has been recognized for its capacity to absorb heavy metals from soil, its potential to adsorb heavy metals from contaminated water has not been widely studied. Moreover, comparison of adsorption characteristics of an adsorbent with its biochar has not been elaborated in many instances despite the need for such observations for sustainability and extension toward applications. Although <i>Panicum maximum</i> is frequently utilized as livestock feed, its significant economic value has yet to be established. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the potential of using raw <i>Panicum maximum</i> plant fibers (PMF), which have a cosmopolitan distribution, along with its biochar, as affordable biosorbents for the uptake of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions. According to the outcomes, both raw and biochar forms of PMF exhibit &gt; 90% removal of Pb(II) under optimized conditions of biosorbent dosage (0.10&#xa0;g), shaking time (20&#xa0;min), settling time (20&#xa0;min) and solution pH (ambient value: 6.49). Raw biosorbent shows the validity of the Langmuir, Freundlich, Sips and Redlich-Peterson (RP) adsorption isotherm models depending on the concentration range having favorable <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> values of 0.9786, 0.9915, 0.9913 and 0.9989, respectively. On the other hand, biochar exhibits monolayer adsorption with well fitted Langmuir (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.9896) and RP (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.9412)&#xa0;adsorption isotherm models. X-ray fluorescence spectroscopic analysis verifies the biosorption of Pb(II) onto the fibers, while Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy shows a distinct band associated with the stretching vibration of the Pb–O bond after adsorption of Pb(II) along with the shift of the C = O (ester) bands, further validating the adsorption of Pb(II) by both types of biosorbents. These findings are supported with the scanning electron microscopy and surface charge analysis. The reusability of the biosorbents along with the durability and adsorption under dynamic conditions are also investigated to demonstrate the potential of PMF in industrial applications.</p>

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Eco-friendly Approach for Pb(II) Remediation using Raw and Biochar of Panicum Maximum Plant Fibers

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月15日

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  • A. K. M. L. S. Mudalige,
  • N. Priyantha

摘要

Lead (Pb) pollution in aquatic systems continues to be a significant environmental and public health issue. This situation thus necessitates a focus on effective methods for removing Pb from contaminated water. While Panicum maximum has been recognized for its capacity to absorb heavy metals from soil, its potential to adsorb heavy metals from contaminated water has not been widely studied. Moreover, comparison of adsorption characteristics of an adsorbent with its biochar has not been elaborated in many instances despite the need for such observations for sustainability and extension toward applications. Although Panicum maximum is frequently utilized as livestock feed, its significant economic value has yet to be established. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the potential of using raw Panicum maximum plant fibers (PMF), which have a cosmopolitan distribution, along with its biochar, as affordable biosorbents for the uptake of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions. According to the outcomes, both raw and biochar forms of PMF exhibit > 90% removal of Pb(II) under optimized conditions of biosorbent dosage (0.10 g), shaking time (20 min), settling time (20 min) and solution pH (ambient value: 6.49). Raw biosorbent shows the validity of the Langmuir, Freundlich, Sips and Redlich-Peterson (RP) adsorption isotherm models depending on the concentration range having favorable R2 values of 0.9786, 0.9915, 0.9913 and 0.9989, respectively. On the other hand, biochar exhibits monolayer adsorption with well fitted Langmuir (R2 = 0.9896) and RP (R2 = 0.9412) adsorption isotherm models. X-ray fluorescence spectroscopic analysis verifies the biosorption of Pb(II) onto the fibers, while Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy shows a distinct band associated with the stretching vibration of the Pb–O bond after adsorption of Pb(II) along with the shift of the C = O (ester) bands, further validating the adsorption of Pb(II) by both types of biosorbents. These findings are supported with the scanning electron microscopy and surface charge analysis. The reusability of the biosorbents along with the durability and adsorption under dynamic conditions are also investigated to demonstrate the potential of PMF in industrial applications.