<p>Micropollutants in wastewater—including pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and industrial chemicals—have emerged as a global environmental concern due to their persistence, biological activity, and incomplete removal by conventional wastewater treatment processes. This review critically examines the sources, fate, and ecological impacts of micropollutants, emphasizing the limitations of traditional wastewater treatment and the urgent need for advanced remediation strategies to address these issues. Recent advances in adsorption, advanced oxidation processes, membrane filtration, constructed wetlands, and microbial-biotechnology are systematically analyzed, with a special focus on hybrid and integrated systems that synergistically enhance removal efficiency and sustainability. This review highlights the operational mechanisms, performance metrics, and comparative advantages of these technologies, underscoring the promise of membrane-adsorption hybrids and nanomaterial modifications in overcoming key challenges, such as fouling, selectivity, and cost-effectiveness. Emerging research directions—including the development of multifunctional nanocomposites, novel membrane materials, and scalable hybrid systems—are discussed in the context of regulatory trends and water reuse imperatives. By synthesizing current knowledge and identifying critical gaps, this review provides a roadmap for advancing the design and implementation of robust, energy-efficient, and sustainable solutions for micropollutant abatement, thereby supporting global efforts toward water quality management and environmental protection.</p>