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<p>The widespread use of single-use plastics has resulted in their accumulation at landfills, leading to the release of hazardous additives such as bisphenol A (BPA). Rapid population growth has further contributed to residential and agricultural expansion near these unmanaged landfill sites, intensifying associated environmental and health risks. BPA, known as an endocrine-disrupting compound, exhibits multi-system toxicity, adversely affecting plants, animals, humans, and ecosystems by disrupting physiological, cellular, and ecological functions. This study assesses the toxicological impact of BPA leached from a landfill site, with concentrations in nearby soil and water bodies up to 770.8&#xa0;ppm and 798.9&#xa0;ppm, respectively. The phytotoxic effects of BPA-contaminated soil were investigated using <i>Cicer arietinum</i> as a model plant. Statistical analysis revealed a dose-dependent decline in key physiological and biochemical parameters, including seed germination, total pigment, total soluble protein, cell viability, and dehydrogenase activity was observed with reductions of 70–80% at higher BPA levels. Genotoxicity assessment via comet assay in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> and cytotoxicity analysis in Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK) 293T cells confirmed significant DNA damage and reduced cell viability, respectively. These findings underscore the detrimental effects of BPA across various biological systems and emphasize the urgent need for heightened public awareness and policy action to mitigate the environmental and health risks associated with single-use plastics, accumulated plastic waste and poorly managed landfill sites.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Quantification, Impacts, and Toxicity of Plastic Additive (Bisphenol A) at a Landfill Site: a Case Study of Jaipur City

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月20日

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  • Preksha Palsania,
  • Charulata Sivodia,
  • Garima Kaushik

摘要

The widespread use of single-use plastics has resulted in their accumulation at landfills, leading to the release of hazardous additives such as bisphenol A (BPA). Rapid population growth has further contributed to residential and agricultural expansion near these unmanaged landfill sites, intensifying associated environmental and health risks. BPA, known as an endocrine-disrupting compound, exhibits multi-system toxicity, adversely affecting plants, animals, humans, and ecosystems by disrupting physiological, cellular, and ecological functions. This study assesses the toxicological impact of BPA leached from a landfill site, with concentrations in nearby soil and water bodies up to 770.8 ppm and 798.9 ppm, respectively. The phytotoxic effects of BPA-contaminated soil were investigated using Cicer arietinum as a model plant. Statistical analysis revealed a dose-dependent decline in key physiological and biochemical parameters, including seed germination, total pigment, total soluble protein, cell viability, and dehydrogenase activity was observed with reductions of 70–80% at higher BPA levels. Genotoxicity assessment via comet assay in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and cytotoxicity analysis in Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK) 293T cells confirmed significant DNA damage and reduced cell viability, respectively. These findings underscore the detrimental effects of BPA across various biological systems and emphasize the urgent need for heightened public awareness and policy action to mitigate the environmental and health risks associated with single-use plastics, accumulated plastic waste and poorly managed landfill sites.

Graphical Abstract