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<p>To effectively remediate lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in cocontaminated soil, a nanohydroxyapatite-biochar composite (nHAP/BC) was prepared by loading nanohydroxyapatite (nHAP) onto spent mushroom substrate biochar (SMSBC). A pot experiment was carried out, and bok choy (<i>Brassica chinensis</i> L.) was used as an indicator crop. The availability of Pb and Cd, growth of plants, and variations in soil chemical properties were investigated. The results showed that compared with nHAP/BC, SMSBC exhibited lower Pb and Cd immobilization ability. However, as a carrier, it successfully reduced nHAP agglomeration, thereby improving the efficiency of nHAP/BC in converting more accessible Pb and Cd into stable forms in soil. With the reduction in Pb and Cd bioavailability, the accumulation of Pb and Cd in bok choy samples significantly decreased, whereas the length and weight of bok choy samples obviously increased. When 3% nHAP/BC was added to contaminated soil (Pb: 195&#xa0;mg/kg; Cd: 1.57&#xa0;mg/kg), the levels of Pb and Cd in the edible parts of bok choy were decreased to meet food safety standards (Pb: ≤ 0.3&#xa0;mg/kg; Cd: ≤ 0.2&#xa0;mg/kg). Moreover, the increase in soil organic carbon (SOC), total phosphorus (TP), and available phosphorus (AP) content caused by nHAP/BC application might have contributed to the reduction in Pb and Cd availability and facilitated the growth of bok choy. Overall, nHAP/BC might be a promising material for remediating Pb–Cd cocontaminated soil.</p>

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Remediation of Soil Cocontaminated with Lead and Cadmium using a Nanohydroxyapatite-Biochar Composite

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月12日

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  • Guangjian Fan,
  • Xinyang Xu,
  • Xiaoxuan Zhu,
  • Sijia Yin,
  • Yu Tan,
  • Xi Chen

摘要

To effectively remediate lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in cocontaminated soil, a nanohydroxyapatite-biochar composite (nHAP/BC) was prepared by loading nanohydroxyapatite (nHAP) onto spent mushroom substrate biochar (SMSBC). A pot experiment was carried out, and bok choy (Brassica chinensis L.) was used as an indicator crop. The availability of Pb and Cd, growth of plants, and variations in soil chemical properties were investigated. The results showed that compared with nHAP/BC, SMSBC exhibited lower Pb and Cd immobilization ability. However, as a carrier, it successfully reduced nHAP agglomeration, thereby improving the efficiency of nHAP/BC in converting more accessible Pb and Cd into stable forms in soil. With the reduction in Pb and Cd bioavailability, the accumulation of Pb and Cd in bok choy samples significantly decreased, whereas the length and weight of bok choy samples obviously increased. When 3% nHAP/BC was added to contaminated soil (Pb: 195 mg/kg; Cd: 1.57 mg/kg), the levels of Pb and Cd in the edible parts of bok choy were decreased to meet food safety standards (Pb: ≤ 0.3 mg/kg; Cd: ≤ 0.2 mg/kg). Moreover, the increase in soil organic carbon (SOC), total phosphorus (TP), and available phosphorus (AP) content caused by nHAP/BC application might have contributed to the reduction in Pb and Cd availability and facilitated the growth of bok choy. Overall, nHAP/BC might be a promising material for remediating Pb–Cd cocontaminated soil.