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<p>The widespread co-occurrence of microplastics (MPs) and oil pollutants in aquatic environments, particularly in the presence of surfactants, significantly alters the behavior of both pollutants due to complex interactions, posing a serious threat to ecosystem safety. However, the key characteristics of these new pollution systems and the principles governing the behavior of multiple pollutants are not well understood. In this study, water pollution systems involving MPs, oil, and surfactants were constructed under varying conditions. The distribution and morphology of the pollutants, as well as their migration and stability, were systematically investigated. The size distribution and scanning electron microscope images revealed the formation of a mixture of oil droplets, MPs, and MPs-oil-surfactant aggregates (MOSAs) with diverse microstructures. Notably, as the size of the MPs increased, the MOSAs transitioned from a highly aggregated state to a more dispersed one. Unlike Tween 80, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide separated the MP aggregates from the oil droplets. The light transmittance throughout the systems underwent a staged evolution across both temporal and spatial dimensions, as demonstrated by Turbiscan. Specifically, the bottom region primarily experienced oil droplet coalescence and MP sedimentation, whereas the top region was dominated by uniform aggregation. Further comparisons revealed that the competitive and coordinated surfactant allocation between the oil–water and MP–water interfaces governed the distribution and fate of pollutants. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for predicting risks associated with multiple pollutants and offer guidance for their effective management.</p>

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Mediating the Fate of Microplastics and Oil in Aquatic Environments: Balanced Competitiveness and Synergy Roles of Surfactants

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月25日

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  • Yongjiao Xiong,
  • Gongqi Zhai,
  • Kaiming Peng,
  • Xiangfeng Huang

摘要

The widespread co-occurrence of microplastics (MPs) and oil pollutants in aquatic environments, particularly in the presence of surfactants, significantly alters the behavior of both pollutants due to complex interactions, posing a serious threat to ecosystem safety. However, the key characteristics of these new pollution systems and the principles governing the behavior of multiple pollutants are not well understood. In this study, water pollution systems involving MPs, oil, and surfactants were constructed under varying conditions. The distribution and morphology of the pollutants, as well as their migration and stability, were systematically investigated. The size distribution and scanning electron microscope images revealed the formation of a mixture of oil droplets, MPs, and MPs-oil-surfactant aggregates (MOSAs) with diverse microstructures. Notably, as the size of the MPs increased, the MOSAs transitioned from a highly aggregated state to a more dispersed one. Unlike Tween 80, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide separated the MP aggregates from the oil droplets. The light transmittance throughout the systems underwent a staged evolution across both temporal and spatial dimensions, as demonstrated by Turbiscan. Specifically, the bottom region primarily experienced oil droplet coalescence and MP sedimentation, whereas the top region was dominated by uniform aggregation. Further comparisons revealed that the competitive and coordinated surfactant allocation between the oil–water and MP–water interfaces governed the distribution and fate of pollutants. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for predicting risks associated with multiple pollutants and offer guidance for their effective management.