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<p>The pervasive contamination of water by antibiotics, particularly ciprofloxacin (CIP), demands efficient and low-cost remediation technologies. Guided by a novel “waste-treats-waste” strategy, this study successfully transformed coal gangue (CG), a solid waste, into a high-performance adsorbent by in-situ hydrothermal loading of goethite (α-FeOOH). The synthesized 100CG/FeOOH40 composite was thoroughly characterized (SEM, XRD, FTIR), confirming successful loading of α-FeOOH and the formation of a composite structure with abundant surface functional groups. Remarkably, batch adsorption experiments demonstrated a synergistic enhancement: the composite achieved a CIP adsorption capacity of 31.50&#xa0;mg/g, significantly surpassing that of raw CG (13.38&#xa0;mg/g) and pure α-FeOOH (7.71&#xa0;mg/g). The adsorption process, best described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic and Freundlich isotherm models, was identified as chemisorption-driven and multilayer. Optimal removal occurred at neutral pH. Mechanistic studies revealed a multi-mechanism action involving surface complexation, π-π interactions, ion exchange, pore filling, and electrostatic interactions. Moreover, the composite exhibited excellent environmental stability, with negligible iron leaching across different pH and temperature conditions, and maintained high efficiency over multiple regeneration cycles. This work presents a dual-value solution: it pioneers a high-value utilization pathway for CG and provides a cost-effective, stable, and efficient adsorbent for mitigating emerging aquatic contaminants, embodying a sustainable circular economy approach.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Upcycling Coal Gangue with Goethite for Synergistic and Enhanced Removal of Ciprofloxacin

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月1日

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  • Danling Xiong,
  • Xiang Dong,
  • Huali Zhang,
  • Tingting Han,
  • Lan Zhang,
  • Yuwen Qiao,
  • Qihong Cen

摘要

The pervasive contamination of water by antibiotics, particularly ciprofloxacin (CIP), demands efficient and low-cost remediation technologies. Guided by a novel “waste-treats-waste” strategy, this study successfully transformed coal gangue (CG), a solid waste, into a high-performance adsorbent by in-situ hydrothermal loading of goethite (α-FeOOH). The synthesized 100CG/FeOOH40 composite was thoroughly characterized (SEM, XRD, FTIR), confirming successful loading of α-FeOOH and the formation of a composite structure with abundant surface functional groups. Remarkably, batch adsorption experiments demonstrated a synergistic enhancement: the composite achieved a CIP adsorption capacity of 31.50 mg/g, significantly surpassing that of raw CG (13.38 mg/g) and pure α-FeOOH (7.71 mg/g). The adsorption process, best described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic and Freundlich isotherm models, was identified as chemisorption-driven and multilayer. Optimal removal occurred at neutral pH. Mechanistic studies revealed a multi-mechanism action involving surface complexation, π-π interactions, ion exchange, pore filling, and electrostatic interactions. Moreover, the composite exhibited excellent environmental stability, with negligible iron leaching across different pH and temperature conditions, and maintained high efficiency over multiple regeneration cycles. This work presents a dual-value solution: it pioneers a high-value utilization pathway for CG and provides a cost-effective, stable, and efficient adsorbent for mitigating emerging aquatic contaminants, embodying a sustainable circular economy approach.

Graphical Abstract