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<p>Wetlands are highly productive ecosystems but are increasingly vulnerable to heavy metal contamination, particularly cadmium, a toxic and persistent pollutant. This study assessed Cd concentrations in water, sediment, and fish muscles from Baraila Wetland, Bihar, during the pre- and post-monsoon seasons of 2022 and 2023. Samples were collected from four sites, i.e., Loma, Dulwar, Chakaiya, and Kawai Baraila, and were analyzed using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Water samples showed Cd levels ranging from 0.001 to 0.012&#xa0;mg/L, and the mean concentration exceeded&#xa0; BIS (2012) drinking water limits&#xa0;at all sites. Sediments from all locations surpassed average shale Cd values. Additional sediment quality assessments were also evaluated, including the Geo-accumulation index, contamination factor, and ecological risk assessment. Most fish samples also contained Cd concentrations above the permissible limit of 0.5&#xa0;mg/kg, except for <i>Wallago attu</i>, <i>Macrognathus pancalus</i>, and <i>Mystus tengara</i>. Target hazard quotient (THQ) values greater than 1 were observed in <i>Channa punctata</i>, <i>Cirrhinus mrigala</i>, and <i>Xenentodon cancila</i>. Major sources of Cd contamination were agricultural runoff, domestic effluents, and inputs from the Gandak Canal, Baya River, and Noon River. Overall, the findings highlight significant ecological and human-health risks, highlighting the need for improved monitoring and management of cadmium pollution in the wetland.</p>

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Assessment of Cadmium in Water, Sediment, and Fish of Baraila Wetland, Bihar, India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月23日

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  • Saima Anjum,
  • Mohammed Aasif Sulaiman,
  • Mohammad Masroor Zafar,
  • Divya,
  • Anupma Kumari

摘要

Wetlands are highly productive ecosystems but are increasingly vulnerable to heavy metal contamination, particularly cadmium, a toxic and persistent pollutant. This study assessed Cd concentrations in water, sediment, and fish muscles from Baraila Wetland, Bihar, during the pre- and post-monsoon seasons of 2022 and 2023. Samples were collected from four sites, i.e., Loma, Dulwar, Chakaiya, and Kawai Baraila, and were analyzed using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Water samples showed Cd levels ranging from 0.001 to 0.012 mg/L, and the mean concentration exceeded  BIS (2012) drinking water limits at all sites. Sediments from all locations surpassed average shale Cd values. Additional sediment quality assessments were also evaluated, including the Geo-accumulation index, contamination factor, and ecological risk assessment. Most fish samples also contained Cd concentrations above the permissible limit of 0.5 mg/kg, except for Wallago attu, Macrognathus pancalus, and Mystus tengara. Target hazard quotient (THQ) values greater than 1 were observed in Channa punctata, Cirrhinus mrigala, and Xenentodon cancila. Major sources of Cd contamination were agricultural runoff, domestic effluents, and inputs from the Gandak Canal, Baya River, and Noon River. Overall, the findings highlight significant ecological and human-health risks, highlighting the need for improved monitoring and management of cadmium pollution in the wetland.