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<p>Sodium alginate (Alg) beads containing curcumin-modified calcined layered double hydroxide (CLDH-Cur), denoted CLDH-Cur/Alg, were prepared as a recoverable composite adsorbent for malachite green (MG) removal. Commercial Mg–Al hydrotalcite was calcined to obtain CLDH, subsequently modified with curcumin, and then immobilized in Alg beads to facilitate post-adsorption separation from water. Temperature-dependent equilibrium data were analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich models; the Langmuir equation was treated as an empirical saturation model, giving an apparent maximum capacity (<i>q</i><sub>max, app</sub>) of 2334&#xa0;mg&#xa0;g<sup>–1</sup> at 318&#xa0;K. The pH dependence, FTIR changes after adsorption, and the functional groups present in the composite are consistent with possible contributions from electrostatic attraction and aromatic interactions. An apparent <i>van't Hoff</i> analysis based on the temperature dependence of an apparent equilibrium parameter derived from isotherm fitting yielded positive ΔH° and negative ΔG° values, indicating that uptake increased with temperature and remained thermodynamically favorable under the studied conditions. The beads showed good batch-to-batch reproducibility (RSD = 3.75%), could be readily recovered, retained more than 86% of their initial capacity after five adsorption-rinse cycles, and maintained measurable removal performance in spiked real-water samples.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Sodium Alginate–Encapsulated Curcumin-Modified Calcined Layered Double Hydroxide as a Recoverable Adsorbent for Malachite Green Removal

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月21日

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  • Xiaoyang Liu,
  • Yijue Fei,
  • Zilin Meng,
  • Yanchao Zhang,
  • Haixiang Gao

摘要

Sodium alginate (Alg) beads containing curcumin-modified calcined layered double hydroxide (CLDH-Cur), denoted CLDH-Cur/Alg, were prepared as a recoverable composite adsorbent for malachite green (MG) removal. Commercial Mg–Al hydrotalcite was calcined to obtain CLDH, subsequently modified with curcumin, and then immobilized in Alg beads to facilitate post-adsorption separation from water. Temperature-dependent equilibrium data were analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich models; the Langmuir equation was treated as an empirical saturation model, giving an apparent maximum capacity (qmax, app) of 2334 mg g–1 at 318 K. The pH dependence, FTIR changes after adsorption, and the functional groups present in the composite are consistent with possible contributions from electrostatic attraction and aromatic interactions. An apparent van't Hoff analysis based on the temperature dependence of an apparent equilibrium parameter derived from isotherm fitting yielded positive ΔH° and negative ΔG° values, indicating that uptake increased with temperature and remained thermodynamically favorable under the studied conditions. The beads showed good batch-to-batch reproducibility (RSD = 3.75%), could be readily recovered, retained more than 86% of their initial capacity after five adsorption-rinse cycles, and maintained measurable removal performance in spiked real-water samples.

Graphical Abstract