Occurrence and Risk Assessment of Traditional and Emerging Contaminants in Typical Surface Waters and Sediments from Yunnan Province, China
摘要
The occurrence and environmental behavior of emerging contaminants have attracted increasing attention from environmental researchers worldwide. In this study, the spatial distribution, partition behavior, and potential environmental exposure risk of traditional (heavy metals, HMs) and emerging (organophosphate esters, OPEs; and per- and polyfluoroalkyl Substances, PFAS) contaminants in the surface water and sediments from three cities in Yunnan Province, China, were studied and compared. The total concentrations of the three kinds of contaminants in surface water and sediments showed a similar distribution, that is HMs (109 ± 149 μg/L in surface water, 2.1 ± 1.0 mg/g in sediments) > > OPEs (116 ± 56 ng/L, 8.8 ± 0.3 ng/g) > PFAS (2 ± 16 ng/L, 0.51 ± 0.44 ng/g), indicating that traditional contaminants HMs were still the predominant pollutants. The spatial distribution result and principal component analysis (PCA) showed a trend of that emerging contaminants (OPEs and PFAS) were higher in the northwest and traditional contaminants (HMs) were higher in the southeast. This indicated that the northwest was mainly affected by domestic pollution and the southeast by industrial pollution. The log values of the sediment–water partition coefficient