<p>The widespread use of synthetic food dyes (FDs) across various industries, combined with the untreated discharge of FD-contaminated wastewater into the environment, presents significant challenges to both environmental and human health. Addressing this issue necessitates the effective removal of FDs from wastewater. Biochar (BC) technology emerges as a promising approach to environmental remediation due to its numerous advantages, including the availability of diverse raw materials, cost-effectiveness, and reusability. In this review, we categorize the removal of FDs using BC-based materials in detail according to their catalytic performance. We also introduce, for the first time, the potential of BC as an adsorbent, catalyst support, and composite catalyst for food dye degradation. It examines the removal of FDs from wastewater through adsorption and degradation processes using BC materials, while also analyzing the types, applications, and toxicity of FDs. Additionally, the research explores the application of BC in remediating various FDs, offering a roadmap for transformative solutions that foster cleaner and safer production practices within the food industry.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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A Critical Review of Biochar Production, Characterization, and Applications for Food Dye Removal Via Adsorption and Degradation Methods

  • Kawan F. Kayani,
  • Sewara J. Mohammed

摘要

The widespread use of synthetic food dyes (FDs) across various industries, combined with the untreated discharge of FD-contaminated wastewater into the environment, presents significant challenges to both environmental and human health. Addressing this issue necessitates the effective removal of FDs from wastewater. Biochar (BC) technology emerges as a promising approach to environmental remediation due to its numerous advantages, including the availability of diverse raw materials, cost-effectiveness, and reusability. In this review, we categorize the removal of FDs using BC-based materials in detail according to their catalytic performance. We also introduce, for the first time, the potential of BC as an adsorbent, catalyst support, and composite catalyst for food dye degradation. It examines the removal of FDs from wastewater through adsorption and degradation processes using BC materials, while also analyzing the types, applications, and toxicity of FDs. Additionally, the research explores the application of BC in remediating various FDs, offering a roadmap for transformative solutions that foster cleaner and safer production practices within the food industry.

Graphical Abstract