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<p>This study reports the green synthesis and characterization of bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) film derived from shrimp shell waste and its application in a continuous bioreactor for the removal of sulfur chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) from petrochemical wastewater. The produced BNC film was characterized using FTIR XRD BET surface analysis TGA DTG and FESEM. The results confirmed the formation of a crystalline porous and thermally stable nanocellulose matrix with a uniform three dimensional nanonetwork structure which is favorable for adsorption and biologically assisted removal mechanisms. Process optimization was performed using response surface methodology (RSM) by considering five independent variables including pH reaction time temperature number of BNC films and initial pollutant concentration while sulfur COD and BOD removal efficiencies were selected as response variables. Statistical analysis indicated that all investigated parameters significantly affected pollutant removal (p &lt; 0.05). The optimal operating conditions were pH 7 temperature 30&#xa0;°C reaction time 120&#xa0;min and two BNC films under which maximum removal efficiencies of 95.6% for COD 93.4% for BOD and 88.7% for sulfur were achieved. Overall, the shrimp shell derived BNC film demonstrated excellent adsorption performance biological activity and operational stability during continuous bioreactor operation. These findings highlight the potential of BNC as an eco-friendly cost effective and sustainable biomaterial for advanced petrochemical wastewater treatment systems and support waste valorization and circular bioeconomy principles. Future research should focus on long term operational performance regeneration capability and scale up potential under industrial conditions.</p>

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Green Synthesis and Characterization of Bacterial Nanocellulose (BNC) Derived from Shrimp Shell Waste for Sulfur, COD and BOD Removal from Petrochemical Wastewater

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月20日

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  • Wahid Zamani,
  • Saeedeh Rastgar,
  • Aliakbar Hedayati

摘要

This study reports the green synthesis and characterization of bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) film derived from shrimp shell waste and its application in a continuous bioreactor for the removal of sulfur chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) from petrochemical wastewater. The produced BNC film was characterized using FTIR XRD BET surface analysis TGA DTG and FESEM. The results confirmed the formation of a crystalline porous and thermally stable nanocellulose matrix with a uniform three dimensional nanonetwork structure which is favorable for adsorption and biologically assisted removal mechanisms. Process optimization was performed using response surface methodology (RSM) by considering five independent variables including pH reaction time temperature number of BNC films and initial pollutant concentration while sulfur COD and BOD removal efficiencies were selected as response variables. Statistical analysis indicated that all investigated parameters significantly affected pollutant removal (p < 0.05). The optimal operating conditions were pH 7 temperature 30 °C reaction time 120 min and two BNC films under which maximum removal efficiencies of 95.6% for COD 93.4% for BOD and 88.7% for sulfur were achieved. Overall, the shrimp shell derived BNC film demonstrated excellent adsorption performance biological activity and operational stability during continuous bioreactor operation. These findings highlight the potential of BNC as an eco-friendly cost effective and sustainable biomaterial for advanced petrochemical wastewater treatment systems and support waste valorization and circular bioeconomy principles. Future research should focus on long term operational performance regeneration capability and scale up potential under industrial conditions.