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<p>Industrial effluent is a liquid waste product used for diverse purposes. It has a significant impact on the surrounding environment when discharged without treatment or moderately treated. The poor management of industrial waste from lead-acid manufacturing battery plants leads to the release of untreated effluent. The purpose of this study was to develop competent technique for the appraisal of the effluent treatment plant (ETP) efficiency of the effluent of lead-acid battery plant by optimizing key parameters using response surface methodology. This study focused on appraising the impact of pH, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solid (TSS), and Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) as independent variables on ETP efficiency. A quadratic model was proposed to establish the relationship between these variables and attain maximum efficiency under optimal process conditions using the Box-Behnken design (BBD). This study shows that pH and TSS are the most operative parameters for the efficiency of Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) in contrast with BOD, COD and TDS. This is possibly due to the high values of F-statistics for pH and TSS, which greatly impact the efficiency of the ETP. The depictions of the influent and effluent were assessed using a highly calibrated analytical instrument. The F-value of model (18.35) shows the importance of the model, while P-values less than 0.05 propose that the model terms are significant. The ANOVA results confirmed the agreement between the forecasted and actual experimental data. This study revealed that plants require improvement in the system.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Appraisal and Optimization of Electrocoagulation Performance for Battery Industry Wastewater Treatment via Response Surface Methodology

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月24日

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  • Aziz Ur Rahman,
  • Muhammad Hashim Zubari,
  • Azizuddin Shaikh

摘要

Industrial effluent is a liquid waste product used for diverse purposes. It has a significant impact on the surrounding environment when discharged without treatment or moderately treated. The poor management of industrial waste from lead-acid manufacturing battery plants leads to the release of untreated effluent. The purpose of this study was to develop competent technique for the appraisal of the effluent treatment plant (ETP) efficiency of the effluent of lead-acid battery plant by optimizing key parameters using response surface methodology. This study focused on appraising the impact of pH, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solid (TSS), and Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) as independent variables on ETP efficiency. A quadratic model was proposed to establish the relationship between these variables and attain maximum efficiency under optimal process conditions using the Box-Behnken design (BBD). This study shows that pH and TSS are the most operative parameters for the efficiency of Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) in contrast with BOD, COD and TDS. This is possibly due to the high values of F-statistics for pH and TSS, which greatly impact the efficiency of the ETP. The depictions of the influent and effluent were assessed using a highly calibrated analytical instrument. The F-value of model (18.35) shows the importance of the model, while P-values less than 0.05 propose that the model terms are significant. The ANOVA results confirmed the agreement between the forecasted and actual experimental data. This study revealed that plants require improvement in the system.

Graphical Abstract