Ammonia Emissions and Crop Yields in Upland Fields Cultivating Chinese Cabbage and Potato Using Solid and Liquid Manure Compost
摘要
Ammonia (NH3) volatilization from agricultural soils is a major environmental concern. This study investigated the effects of solid manure compost (SMC) and liquid manure compost (LMC) on NH3 emissions, considering the influence of soil properties, environmental factors, and crop characteristics. NH3 volatilization was influenced by manure type, with LMC significantly increased NH3 emissions due to its high moisture content, rapid nitrogen mineralization and substantial NH4+ concentrations. Soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC) play crucial roles in regulating NH3 emissions. Higher pH levels enhance the conversion of NH4+ to NH3 gas, whereas salt-induced stress inhibits nitrification, leading to the accumulation of NH4+ in the soil. Lower NH3 emissions in Chinese cabbage were accompanied by higher agronomic efficiency compared with potato. NH3 emissions were noticeably influenced by environmental factors, particularly rainfall and temperature, with emissions being reduced by rainfall and intensified by higher temperatures. In terms of productivity, LMC enhanced crop yields, while the lower maturity of SMC limited its effectiveness as a fertilizer. This study highlights the interplay between manure compost application, soil properties, and NH3 volatilization, emphasizing the importance of targeted management strategies to balance agricultural productivity with environmental sustainability.