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<p>Low-carbon green stabilization/solidification (S/S) has attracted much attention in hazardous waste treatment. In this study, environmentally friendly Fe–Mn modified biochar (FMBC), which was synthesized by loading Fe–Mn oxides (FMO) onto biochar (BC) using a hydrothermal co-precipitation method, was used as an additive in cement-based S/S of arsenic (As) contaminated soil. Pristine BC, FMO, and FMBC were included for comparison. Results showed that BC effectively reduced the agglomeration of Fe/Mn oxide and endowed more interfacial active sites. FMBC treating significantly promoted the As immobilization efficiency (94.2–97.3%) and satisfied the regulated leaching limit. Simultaneously, the addition of FMBC facilitated the conversion of exchangeable As to Fe/Mn oxide and residual states. Spectroscopic and microstructural analysis showed that FMBC-surface manganese oxides oxidized As(III) to lower-toxicity, reduced-mobility As(V), while iron oxides/hydroxides efficiently immobilized As through adsorption and co-precipitation. Meanwhile, FMBC facilitated the cement hydration reaction via retaining water and promoting internal curing effect, and hence promoted the encapsulation of As by calcium silicate hydrate and the ion exchange of As by ettringite. This study expands the emerging application of BC and demonstrates the potential application of FMBC as additives in S/S of As-contaminated soil.</p>

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Stabilization/Solidification of As-Contaminated Soil by using Fe–Mn Modified Biochar as a Green Additive

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月24日

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  • Wenjie Zhang,
  • Xiang’ao Qin,
  • Xibin Li

摘要

Low-carbon green stabilization/solidification (S/S) has attracted much attention in hazardous waste treatment. In this study, environmentally friendly Fe–Mn modified biochar (FMBC), which was synthesized by loading Fe–Mn oxides (FMO) onto biochar (BC) using a hydrothermal co-precipitation method, was used as an additive in cement-based S/S of arsenic (As) contaminated soil. Pristine BC, FMO, and FMBC were included for comparison. Results showed that BC effectively reduced the agglomeration of Fe/Mn oxide and endowed more interfacial active sites. FMBC treating significantly promoted the As immobilization efficiency (94.2–97.3%) and satisfied the regulated leaching limit. Simultaneously, the addition of FMBC facilitated the conversion of exchangeable As to Fe/Mn oxide and residual states. Spectroscopic and microstructural analysis showed that FMBC-surface manganese oxides oxidized As(III) to lower-toxicity, reduced-mobility As(V), while iron oxides/hydroxides efficiently immobilized As through adsorption and co-precipitation. Meanwhile, FMBC facilitated the cement hydration reaction via retaining water and promoting internal curing effect, and hence promoted the encapsulation of As by calcium silicate hydrate and the ion exchange of As by ettringite. This study expands the emerging application of BC and demonstrates the potential application of FMBC as additives in S/S of As-contaminated soil.