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<p>Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) represent an innovative bioelectrochemical technology that integrates wastewater remediation with renewable energy generation by utilizing metabolic processes of electroactive microorganisms. This study developed a novel MnO<sub>2</sub>/CNT-modified hybrid anode specifically designed to address concurrent challenges of copper-contaminated wastewater treatment and sustainable energy recovery. A systematic evaluation identified a critical operational threshold: at Cu<sup>2+</sup> concentrations ≤ 500&#xa0;mg/L, the composite anode exhibited a synergistic enhancement, achieving a maximum power density of 883.82 mW/m<sup>2</sup> with concurrent a 99.66% Cu<sup>2+</sup> removal efficiency within 48&#xa0;h. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis revealed a 63% reduction in charge transfer resistance, highlighting the mechanistic basis for performance enhancement, driven by MnO<sub>2</sub>-mediated redox cycling and the superior electron transfer capacities of CNTs. However, at elevated Cu<sup>2+</sup> concentrations (700&#xa0;mg/L), system performance decreased substantially, with power density dropping to 474.51 mW/m<sup>2</sup> (46.3% lower than maximum output) and removal efficiency diminishing to 84.17%, coupled with a 37% reduction in Coulombic efficiency. Phylogenetic analysis via 16S rRNA sequencing revealed significant microbial community restructuring under Cu<sup>2+</sup> stress, with electroactive <i>Geobacter spp.</i> abundance decreasing from 41.2% to 14.8%, while metal-resistant <i>Pseudomonas spp.</i> expanded from 6.3% to 29.1%, suggesting an adaptive response toward toxic metal stress. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) further identified Cu<sup>0</sup> deposition (8.7 atomic%) on anode surfaces, confirming the presence of cathodic reduction pathways. These findings define operational limits and provide design guidelines for MFC deployment in heavy metal-laden industrial effluents.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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MnO2/CNT-Modified Anode Microbial Fuel Cells for Removing Varying Amounts of Cu2+ from Wastewater

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月3日

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  • Jiahui Zhu,
  • Lingling Li,
  • Jun Zhou,
  • Nasha Dou,
  • Lei Gong,
  • Mingjing Li,
  • Hui Tan,
  • Ping Yang,
  • Wenfeng Wang

摘要

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) represent an innovative bioelectrochemical technology that integrates wastewater remediation with renewable energy generation by utilizing metabolic processes of electroactive microorganisms. This study developed a novel MnO2/CNT-modified hybrid anode specifically designed to address concurrent challenges of copper-contaminated wastewater treatment and sustainable energy recovery. A systematic evaluation identified a critical operational threshold: at Cu2+ concentrations ≤ 500 mg/L, the composite anode exhibited a synergistic enhancement, achieving a maximum power density of 883.82 mW/m2 with concurrent a 99.66% Cu2+ removal efficiency within 48 h. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis revealed a 63% reduction in charge transfer resistance, highlighting the mechanistic basis for performance enhancement, driven by MnO2-mediated redox cycling and the superior electron transfer capacities of CNTs. However, at elevated Cu2+ concentrations (700 mg/L), system performance decreased substantially, with power density dropping to 474.51 mW/m2 (46.3% lower than maximum output) and removal efficiency diminishing to 84.17%, coupled with a 37% reduction in Coulombic efficiency. Phylogenetic analysis via 16S rRNA sequencing revealed significant microbial community restructuring under Cu2+ stress, with electroactive Geobacter spp. abundance decreasing from 41.2% to 14.8%, while metal-resistant Pseudomonas spp. expanded from 6.3% to 29.1%, suggesting an adaptive response toward toxic metal stress. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) further identified Cu0 deposition (8.7 atomic%) on anode surfaces, confirming the presence of cathodic reduction pathways. These findings define operational limits and provide design guidelines for MFC deployment in heavy metal-laden industrial effluents.

Graphical Abstract