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<p>A study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of a bio-waste, low-cost adsorbent made from pineapple peel (PAP) without any further treatment in removing cationic dye (crystal violet) and anionic dye (congo red) from waste water. An experimental study was conducted, including the impact of initial&#xa0;concentration and contact time, as well as the effect of adsorbent dosage, and the pH. The adsorbent underwent various characterization using Fourier Transform Infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), zeta potential, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Various kinetic and adsorption isotherm models were utilized to assess the data. The comparative results indicated that the PAP adsorbent had a higher affinity for adsorbing crystal violet dye as a result of its cationic character, with an excellent removal efficiency of 94.71 ± 0.06%. However, in the case of congo red, only 56.39 ± 2.52% removal rate was found, leading to lower adsorption power of PAP adsorbent toward this anionic dye. The findings exhibited conformity to the Langmuir-I type isotherm (R<sup>2</sup> &gt; 0.9) and the pseudo second-order kinetic model (R<sup>2</sup> &gt; 0.99), with a maximum adsorption capacity (q<sub>m</sub>) of 13.605&#xa0;mg/g for the crystal violet dye adsorption. The heat of adsorption using the Temkin model was 31.042&#xa0;J/mol for crystal violet and 1.22&#xa0;J/mol for congo red dye, indicating physio-sorption. A D-R model was used to compute the mean free adsorption energy to confirm adsorption. The computed value of &lt; 8&#xa0;kJ/mol (0.71 for crystal violet, 0.29 for congo red) indicates a physical adsorption mechanism. Thus, the adsorbent exhibited high efficacy in eliminating crystal violet dye, with the process being primarily physio-sorption.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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A Comprehensive and Comparative Analysis of Cationic and Anionic Dyes Removal From Waste Water Using Pineapple Peels Waste as Adsorbent: Adsorption Isotherms and Kinetic Models

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月2日

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  • Manisha Chadha,
  • Shiwani Berry

摘要

A study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of a bio-waste, low-cost adsorbent made from pineapple peel (PAP) without any further treatment in removing cationic dye (crystal violet) and anionic dye (congo red) from waste water. An experimental study was conducted, including the impact of initial concentration and contact time, as well as the effect of adsorbent dosage, and the pH. The adsorbent underwent various characterization using Fourier Transform Infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), zeta potential, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Various kinetic and adsorption isotherm models were utilized to assess the data. The comparative results indicated that the PAP adsorbent had a higher affinity for adsorbing crystal violet dye as a result of its cationic character, with an excellent removal efficiency of 94.71 ± 0.06%. However, in the case of congo red, only 56.39 ± 2.52% removal rate was found, leading to lower adsorption power of PAP adsorbent toward this anionic dye. The findings exhibited conformity to the Langmuir-I type isotherm (R2 > 0.9) and the pseudo second-order kinetic model (R2 > 0.99), with a maximum adsorption capacity (qm) of 13.605 mg/g for the crystal violet dye adsorption. The heat of adsorption using the Temkin model was 31.042 J/mol for crystal violet and 1.22 J/mol for congo red dye, indicating physio-sorption. A D-R model was used to compute the mean free adsorption energy to confirm adsorption. The computed value of < 8 kJ/mol (0.71 for crystal violet, 0.29 for congo red) indicates a physical adsorption mechanism. Thus, the adsorbent exhibited high efficacy in eliminating crystal violet dye, with the process being primarily physio-sorption.

Graphical Abstract