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<p>Addressing fluoride pollution in water requires efficient adsorbents. This work presents a lanthanum-functionalized nano-silica composite (La-nSiO₂) synthesized by a solid-phase method. Systematic investigation of preparation conditions yielded an optimized adsorbent (La:Si = 1:4, 300&#xa0;°C) with a notable fluoride uptake capacity of 128.82&#xa0;mg&#xa0;g⁻<sup>1</sup> at an initial concentration of 150&#xa0;mg L⁻<sup>1</sup> and a dosage of 1&#xa0;g L⁻<sup>1</sup>. The material performed consistently across a wide pH range (4–10) and exhibited high selectivity against background anions such as Cl⁻, NO₃⁻, and SO₄<sup>2</sup>⁻. Equilibrium and kinetic data were best fitted by the Langmuir and pseudo-second-order models, respectively. Microscopic and spectroscopic evidence (TEM-EDS, FTIR, XPS) supports a removal mechanism dominated by complexation and ion exchange at La sites, leading to the formation of La–F bonds. The study highlights La-nSiO₂ as a robust candidate for fluoride-selective water treatment.</p>

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Enhanced Fluoride Removal by Lanthanum-Based Silica Nanocomposite: Optimization of Preparation Parameters and Adsorption Mechanism

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月13日

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  • Di Zhang,
  • Peng Chen,
  • Xinzhen Zhang,
  • Zhiqiang Li,
  • Peixiang Wang,
  • Hao Su,
  • Dongliang Zhao,
  • Dachao Zhang

摘要

Addressing fluoride pollution in water requires efficient adsorbents. This work presents a lanthanum-functionalized nano-silica composite (La-nSiO₂) synthesized by a solid-phase method. Systematic investigation of preparation conditions yielded an optimized adsorbent (La:Si = 1:4, 300 °C) with a notable fluoride uptake capacity of 128.82 mg g⁻1 at an initial concentration of 150 mg L⁻1 and a dosage of 1 g L⁻1. The material performed consistently across a wide pH range (4–10) and exhibited high selectivity against background anions such as Cl⁻, NO₃⁻, and SO₄2⁻. Equilibrium and kinetic data were best fitted by the Langmuir and pseudo-second-order models, respectively. Microscopic and spectroscopic evidence (TEM-EDS, FTIR, XPS) supports a removal mechanism dominated by complexation and ion exchange at La sites, leading to the formation of La–F bonds. The study highlights La-nSiO₂ as a robust candidate for fluoride-selective water treatment.