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<p>The accumulation of Fenton iron sludge (FIS) has emerged as a critical bottleneck limiting large-scale Fenton process applications. To address this challenge, we developed an integrated valorization strategy by coupling FIS amendment with anaerobic digestion of pharmaceutical wastewater. Experimental results demonstrated that FIS addition stimulated dissimilatory iron reduction (DIR) pathways, enhancing organics depolymerization efficiency through Fe(III)-mediated electron transfer. This process promoted macromolecular cleavage and EPS solubilization (S-EPS, 3.38 → 10.32 mg/g-VS), while modulating microbial consortia structure. Notably, <i>Proteobacteria</i> (7.3% → 15.4%) and <i>Firmicutes</i> (23.1% → 36.2%) enrichment enhanced hydrolytic enzyme secretion, while <i>Desulfobacterota</i> emergence (0% → 3.7%) established syntrophic networks via direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET). These biochemical cascades synergistically improved anaerobic performance: COD removal increased by 23.3% (66.39% → 81.86%) and methane yield surged 91.7% (136.58 → 261.83 mL/g-COD). Furthermore, iron sludge amendment reduced capillary suction time (CST) by 29.6% through dual mechanisms – TB-EPS reduction and bioflocculation enhancement. This work demonstrates a sustainable approach for FIS recycling through AD integration, achieving synergistic benefits in waste management and energy recovery.</p>

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Application of Fenton Iron Sludge Coupled with Anaerobic Digestion for Pharmaceutical Wastewater Treatment: Performance and Mechanism

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月26日

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  • Zhongyi Zhang,
  • Xinming Yang,
  • Linsen Mu,
  • Shuang Zhang,
  • Yushan Zheng,
  • Fang Zhang,
  • Yang Pan,
  • Zhuangyuan Hao

摘要

The accumulation of Fenton iron sludge (FIS) has emerged as a critical bottleneck limiting large-scale Fenton process applications. To address this challenge, we developed an integrated valorization strategy by coupling FIS amendment with anaerobic digestion of pharmaceutical wastewater. Experimental results demonstrated that FIS addition stimulated dissimilatory iron reduction (DIR) pathways, enhancing organics depolymerization efficiency through Fe(III)-mediated electron transfer. This process promoted macromolecular cleavage and EPS solubilization (S-EPS, 3.38 → 10.32 mg/g-VS), while modulating microbial consortia structure. Notably, Proteobacteria (7.3% → 15.4%) and Firmicutes (23.1% → 36.2%) enrichment enhanced hydrolytic enzyme secretion, while Desulfobacterota emergence (0% → 3.7%) established syntrophic networks via direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET). These biochemical cascades synergistically improved anaerobic performance: COD removal increased by 23.3% (66.39% → 81.86%) and methane yield surged 91.7% (136.58 → 261.83 mL/g-COD). Furthermore, iron sludge amendment reduced capillary suction time (CST) by 29.6% through dual mechanisms – TB-EPS reduction and bioflocculation enhancement. This work demonstrates a sustainable approach for FIS recycling through AD integration, achieving synergistic benefits in waste management and energy recovery.