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<p>The use of biochar (BC) for remediating soils contaminated with metalloids like arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) is promising, yet its efficacy and the underlying dose–response relationships remain poorly understood and often contradictory. This study specifically investigates the link between BC-induced changes in soil properties and the subsequent bioavailability and plant uptake of As and Sb. A pot experiment was conducted with <i>Pennisetum purpureum</i> grown in tailings-contaminated soil amended with BC at mass ratios of 0, 1.5%, 3%, 4.5%, 6%, and 7.5%. We found that BC amendment significantly elevated soil pH, organic matter, and phosphorus content. Crucially, these chemical shifts were directly linked to a marked increase in the water-soluble fraction of both As and Sb, which rose from 0.059 ± 0.011% and 8.89 ± 2.75% in the control to 0.216 ± 0.041% and 16.21 ± 2.41% in the 7.5% BC treatment, respectively. However, this elevated solubility did not translate directly into increased plant uptake. Instead, a more complex dynamic was uncovered: BC addition reduced root uptake and the overall bioconcentration factor (BCF) for As, particularly at higher doses, while simultaneously enhancing the translocation factor (TF) from roots to shoots. A similar, though less pronounced, trend was observed for Sb. This critical divergence between soil bioavailability and plant internal transport highlights that BC's impact extends beyond simple immobilization, influencing plant physiological pathways. Our findings therefore establish a dose-dependent framework for BC application and underscore the need to consider plant translocation mechanisms, not just soil solubility, when assessing the long-term efficacy and risks of BC-assisted phytoremediation for As- and Sb-contaminated soils.</p>

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Effect of Biochar Addition on the Plant Bioavailability of As and Sb During the Remediation of Tailings-Contaminated soil by Pennisetum purpureum

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月24日

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  • Fengjuan Liu,
  • Chao Ma,
  • Linghan Huang,
  • Qi Chen,
  • Xuqiang Luo

摘要

The use of biochar (BC) for remediating soils contaminated with metalloids like arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) is promising, yet its efficacy and the underlying dose–response relationships remain poorly understood and often contradictory. This study specifically investigates the link between BC-induced changes in soil properties and the subsequent bioavailability and plant uptake of As and Sb. A pot experiment was conducted with Pennisetum purpureum grown in tailings-contaminated soil amended with BC at mass ratios of 0, 1.5%, 3%, 4.5%, 6%, and 7.5%. We found that BC amendment significantly elevated soil pH, organic matter, and phosphorus content. Crucially, these chemical shifts were directly linked to a marked increase in the water-soluble fraction of both As and Sb, which rose from 0.059 ± 0.011% and 8.89 ± 2.75% in the control to 0.216 ± 0.041% and 16.21 ± 2.41% in the 7.5% BC treatment, respectively. However, this elevated solubility did not translate directly into increased plant uptake. Instead, a more complex dynamic was uncovered: BC addition reduced root uptake and the overall bioconcentration factor (BCF) for As, particularly at higher doses, while simultaneously enhancing the translocation factor (TF) from roots to shoots. A similar, though less pronounced, trend was observed for Sb. This critical divergence between soil bioavailability and plant internal transport highlights that BC's impact extends beyond simple immobilization, influencing plant physiological pathways. Our findings therefore establish a dose-dependent framework for BC application and underscore the need to consider plant translocation mechanisms, not just soil solubility, when assessing the long-term efficacy and risks of BC-assisted phytoremediation for As- and Sb-contaminated soils.