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<p>This study investigates the treatment of stabilized landfill leachate by a hybrid Fenton process assisted with microwave (MW), ultrasound (US), and UV-A irradiation (MW-US-UV-A-Fenton). The combined effects of Fe<sup>2</sup>⁺ concentration, H₂O₂ concentration, and MW power were optimized using a Box–Behnken design, and the optimal conditions were subsequently validated experimentally. Under these optimized and validated conditions ([Fe<sup>2</sup>⁺] = 1369.39 mg/L, [H₂O₂] = 5584.14 mg/L, MW power = 856.60 W), the treatment achieved 81% removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), complete color removal (100%), and 87% reduction of Abs254, confirming the effective degradation of refractory organic matter in stabilized leachate. Removal efficiencies for other parameters, including turbidity, salinity, and nitrate, ranged from 52 to 95%, while chloride concentration decreased markedly from 22.765 g/L to 1.72 g/L. UV–visible spectra (250–300 nm) further revealed a strong decrease in absorbance, consistent with the reduction in COD and organics content. In addition, a laboratory-scale cost analysis showed that the process operated with a total operational cost of 5.34 USD/m<sup>3</sup> (5.26 USD/m<sup>3</sup> for chemicals and 0.078 USD/m<sup>3</sup> for energy) and a specific energy consumption of 0.978 kWh/m<sup>3</sup>, corresponding to 0.489 kg CO₂/m<sup>3</sup> emitted. According to these findings, this advanced oxidation process (AOP) efficiently treats stabilized landfill leachate and represents a promising option for the remediation of other complex effluents containing refractory compounds.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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MW–US–UV-A-Fenton Process for Stabilized Landfill Leachate Treatment: Optimization and Cost Analysis at the Laboratory Scale

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月21日

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  • Hamza Bellouk,
  • Imane Tazi,
  • Mostafa Nawdali,
  • Imane El Mrabet,
  • Zineb Chaouki,
  • Karim Tanji,
  • Fouad Khalil,
  • Hicham Zaitan

摘要

This study investigates the treatment of stabilized landfill leachate by a hybrid Fenton process assisted with microwave (MW), ultrasound (US), and UV-A irradiation (MW-US-UV-A-Fenton). The combined effects of Fe2⁺ concentration, H₂O₂ concentration, and MW power were optimized using a Box–Behnken design, and the optimal conditions were subsequently validated experimentally. Under these optimized and validated conditions ([Fe2⁺] = 1369.39 mg/L, [H₂O₂] = 5584.14 mg/L, MW power = 856.60 W), the treatment achieved 81% removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), complete color removal (100%), and 87% reduction of Abs254, confirming the effective degradation of refractory organic matter in stabilized leachate. Removal efficiencies for other parameters, including turbidity, salinity, and nitrate, ranged from 52 to 95%, while chloride concentration decreased markedly from 22.765 g/L to 1.72 g/L. UV–visible spectra (250–300 nm) further revealed a strong decrease in absorbance, consistent with the reduction in COD and organics content. In addition, a laboratory-scale cost analysis showed that the process operated with a total operational cost of 5.34 USD/m3 (5.26 USD/m3 for chemicals and 0.078 USD/m3 for energy) and a specific energy consumption of 0.978 kWh/m3, corresponding to 0.489 kg CO₂/m3 emitted. According to these findings, this advanced oxidation process (AOP) efficiently treats stabilized landfill leachate and represents a promising option for the remediation of other complex effluents containing refractory compounds.

Graphical Abstract