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<p>Graphene-based nano-adsorbents have high efficiency for the removal of toxic heavy metals. In the present research work, carboxylated graphene oxide (CGO) was effectively utilized for the removal of As (III) from aqueous solutions to evaluate its adsorption performance by a batch experimental approach. The findings showed that carboxylation of GO has enhanced the adsorption kinetics and adsorption capacity for As(III) removal. The synthesis of native (GO) and carboxylated graphene oxide (CGO) was characterized by using UV–Vis, FTIR, XRD, TGA, SEM, and BET characterization techniques. The effect of various adsorption parameters such as initial concentration, contact time, adsorbent dosage, pH, and temperature were thoroughly determined to explore the most suitable conditions for maximum adsorption. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm and pseudo-second order kinetic models provided a good fit to equilibrium and kinetic adsorption data respectively. The maximum experimental adsorption capacity (qe,<sub>max</sub>) of CGO for As(III) was 150.7&#xa0;mg&#xa0;g⁻<sup>1</sup> at pH 7, while the Langmuir isotherm predicted a higher theoretical monolayer capacity (qmax) of 257.5&#xa0;mg.g⁻<sup>1</sup>. The thermodynamic parameters revealed the endothermic and spontaneous nature of adsorption with increased entropy changes at the adsorbent-solution interface. After five cycles of adsorption and desorption, the percentage removal of CGO for As(III) remained beyond 70%, indicating the good reusability and performance of the CGO adsorbent. Thus, current research showed that introducing carboxylic functional groups to the surface of GO could be a feasible and most economic approach to enhance the adsorption performance of graphene-based adsorbents As (III) remediation in contaminated water.</p>

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Carboxylated Graphene Oxide (CGO) Adsorbent as an Effective and Green Approach for Targeting As (III) with Improved Adsorption Characteristics

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月7日

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  • Khizar Hussain Shah,
  • Gul Afshan Khan,
  • Zaher Hashisho,
  • Sadaf Sarfraz,
  • Muhammad Fahad,
  • Muhammad Kazim

摘要

Graphene-based nano-adsorbents have high efficiency for the removal of toxic heavy metals. In the present research work, carboxylated graphene oxide (CGO) was effectively utilized for the removal of As (III) from aqueous solutions to evaluate its adsorption performance by a batch experimental approach. The findings showed that carboxylation of GO has enhanced the adsorption kinetics and adsorption capacity for As(III) removal. The synthesis of native (GO) and carboxylated graphene oxide (CGO) was characterized by using UV–Vis, FTIR, XRD, TGA, SEM, and BET characterization techniques. The effect of various adsorption parameters such as initial concentration, contact time, adsorbent dosage, pH, and temperature were thoroughly determined to explore the most suitable conditions for maximum adsorption. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm and pseudo-second order kinetic models provided a good fit to equilibrium and kinetic adsorption data respectively. The maximum experimental adsorption capacity (qe,max) of CGO for As(III) was 150.7 mg g⁻1 at pH 7, while the Langmuir isotherm predicted a higher theoretical monolayer capacity (qmax) of 257.5 mg.g⁻1. The thermodynamic parameters revealed the endothermic and spontaneous nature of adsorption with increased entropy changes at the adsorbent-solution interface. After five cycles of adsorption and desorption, the percentage removal of CGO for As(III) remained beyond 70%, indicating the good reusability and performance of the CGO adsorbent. Thus, current research showed that introducing carboxylic functional groups to the surface of GO could be a feasible and most economic approach to enhance the adsorption performance of graphene-based adsorbents As (III) remediation in contaminated water.