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<p>Textile industry wastewater contains hazardous pollutants particularly synthetic dyes which pose a severe threat to both human health and the environment. Conventional wastewater treatment methods are ineffective in removing these contaminants which necessitate the development of efficient and sustainable technologies. The use of nanomaterials in treating effluent is considered modern and environmentally sustainable technique owing to the cost-effectiveness and photocatalytic properties, making treated wastewater suitable for crop irrigation. In this study, nickel oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using two approaches: a biological route employing <i>Bacillus</i> sp., yielding biosynthesized and chemical route utilizing NaOH as a reducing agent, producing chemically synthesized NiO-NPs. The UV–visible spectrum showed peaks of absorbance at 348 nm for biosynthesized and 299 nm for chemically synthesized nanoparticles. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of functional groups including NH<sub>2</sub>, C = C, C≡C, C = O, C-N, and C-O on surface of biosynthesized and OH, C = C, and -C = O groups on chemically synthesized NiO-NPs. The cubical crystalline nature of NiO-NPs was observed by X-ray diffraction analysis with an average size of 10–28 nm, while the irregular spherical morphology was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. The photocatalytic dye degradation potential of the synthesized NiO-NPs was evaluated under dark conditions and various light sources, including ultraviolet, white light and sunlight. Additionally, the efficacy of bio and chemically synthesized NiO-NPs, was assessed for the removal of pollutants from actual textile effluent. The results indicated that biogenic NiO-NPs had more potential in reducing total dissolved solids by 26.70%, sulfate by 39.90%, phosphate by 51.40%, color intensity by 93.22%, and chemical oxygen demand by 33.60% as compared to chemically synthesized nanoparticles. Furthermore, the potential of NiO-NPs to reduce the impact of wastewater on the growth of Zea mays was analyzed. It was observed that NiO(B)-NPs considerably reduced the harmful impacts of textile effluents and improved seed germination, plant growth, and chlorophyll content in comparison to NiO(C)-NPs. These results indicate that NiO(B)-NPs could be an environmentally-friendly approach towards textile wastewater treatment.</p>

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Evaluating the Potential of Biogenic and Chemically Synthesized Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles for Wastewater Treatment and Their Impact on Germination of Zea mays: A Comparative Study for Environmental Bioremediation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月18日

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  • Monika,
  • Arifa Tahir,
  • Fatima Batool,
  • Tehziba Raza,
  • Sabir Hussain

摘要

Textile industry wastewater contains hazardous pollutants particularly synthetic dyes which pose a severe threat to both human health and the environment. Conventional wastewater treatment methods are ineffective in removing these contaminants which necessitate the development of efficient and sustainable technologies. The use of nanomaterials in treating effluent is considered modern and environmentally sustainable technique owing to the cost-effectiveness and photocatalytic properties, making treated wastewater suitable for crop irrigation. In this study, nickel oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using two approaches: a biological route employing Bacillus sp., yielding biosynthesized and chemical route utilizing NaOH as a reducing agent, producing chemically synthesized NiO-NPs. The UV–visible spectrum showed peaks of absorbance at 348 nm for biosynthesized and 299 nm for chemically synthesized nanoparticles. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of functional groups including NH2, C = C, C≡C, C = O, C-N, and C-O on surface of biosynthesized and OH, C = C, and -C = O groups on chemically synthesized NiO-NPs. The cubical crystalline nature of NiO-NPs was observed by X-ray diffraction analysis with an average size of 10–28 nm, while the irregular spherical morphology was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. The photocatalytic dye degradation potential of the synthesized NiO-NPs was evaluated under dark conditions and various light sources, including ultraviolet, white light and sunlight. Additionally, the efficacy of bio and chemically synthesized NiO-NPs, was assessed for the removal of pollutants from actual textile effluent. The results indicated that biogenic NiO-NPs had more potential in reducing total dissolved solids by 26.70%, sulfate by 39.90%, phosphate by 51.40%, color intensity by 93.22%, and chemical oxygen demand by 33.60% as compared to chemically synthesized nanoparticles. Furthermore, the potential of NiO-NPs to reduce the impact of wastewater on the growth of Zea mays was analyzed. It was observed that NiO(B)-NPs considerably reduced the harmful impacts of textile effluents and improved seed germination, plant growth, and chlorophyll content in comparison to NiO(C)-NPs. These results indicate that NiO(B)-NPs could be an environmentally-friendly approach towards textile wastewater treatment.