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<p> In this study, zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe)&#xa0;nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by green synthesis method as an environmentally friendly method using Arizona cypress leaf extract and nitrate solutions of Zn, Cu, and Fe. FESEM and BET analysis showed that the smallest size (32.26&#xa0;nm) and the highest specific surface area (147.66 m<sup>2</sup>g<sup>−1</sup>) were observed for the synthesized Cu-NPs. The NPs at two rates of 0.5 and 1% of soil dry weight were added to a soil contaminated with 100 mgkg<sup>−1</sup> of each Zn, nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd). The effects of syntesized NPs on the uptake of HMs were invesigated in the presence of quinoa as a plant with a high capacity to accumulate HMs.&#xa0;According to the results, the most significant decrease in the uptakes of HMs by quinoa compared to the control was observed after the application of the Cu-NPs (1%). The lowest metal uptakes were found for Ni in shoot and Pb in root (19.06 and 20.82 μgpot<sup>−1</sup>, respectively). EDTA extractable Zn, Ni, Pb, and Cd in post-harvest soils were the lowest under the influence of Cu-NPs (1%) (44.12, 25.05, 42.8, and 44.5 mgkg<sup>−1</sup>, respectively). The highest uptakes of all four HMs by the plant were observed after the application of the Fe-NPs (0.5%)&#xa0;with the lowest specific surface area (11.42 m<sup>2</sup>g<sup>−1</sup>). The findings of this study showed that the synthesized Cu-NPs had the highest immobilization capacity of HMs compared to other tested NPs, which was most probably due to having the highest specific surface area and the smallest particle size. High efficiency, environmental friendliness, and low cost of preparing the green metal-NPs have made them a recommended solution for removing HMs from polluted soils.</p>

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Immobilization of Heavy Metals in a Multi-Metal Polluted Soil using Green Synthesized Zinc, Copper, and Iron Nanoparticles and Investigation of Quinoa Responses

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月20日

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  • Amir Zarrabi,
  • Reza Ghasemi-Fasaei,
  • Abdolmajid Ronaghi,
  • Sedigheh Safarzadeh,
  • Sedigheh Zeinali

摘要

In this study, zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe) nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by green synthesis method as an environmentally friendly method using Arizona cypress leaf extract and nitrate solutions of Zn, Cu, and Fe. FESEM and BET analysis showed that the smallest size (32.26 nm) and the highest specific surface area (147.66 m2g−1) were observed for the synthesized Cu-NPs. The NPs at two rates of 0.5 and 1% of soil dry weight were added to a soil contaminated with 100 mgkg−1 of each Zn, nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd). The effects of syntesized NPs on the uptake of HMs were invesigated in the presence of quinoa as a plant with a high capacity to accumulate HMs. According to the results, the most significant decrease in the uptakes of HMs by quinoa compared to the control was observed after the application of the Cu-NPs (1%). The lowest metal uptakes were found for Ni in shoot and Pb in root (19.06 and 20.82 μgpot−1, respectively). EDTA extractable Zn, Ni, Pb, and Cd in post-harvest soils were the lowest under the influence of Cu-NPs (1%) (44.12, 25.05, 42.8, and 44.5 mgkg−1, respectively). The highest uptakes of all four HMs by the plant were observed after the application of the Fe-NPs (0.5%) with the lowest specific surface area (11.42 m2g−1). The findings of this study showed that the synthesized Cu-NPs had the highest immobilization capacity of HMs compared to other tested NPs, which was most probably due to having the highest specific surface area and the smallest particle size. High efficiency, environmental friendliness, and low cost of preparing the green metal-NPs have made them a recommended solution for removing HMs from polluted soils.