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<p>The operation of sluices alters river hydrological conditions, thereby influencing the migration and degradation coefficients of pollutants. However, research focusing on&#xa0;the quantitative correlation between sluice operations and pollutant degradation coefficients, particularly in the unique context of the Loess Plateau,&#xa0;remains insufficient.&#xa0;To address this gap, this study investigated the Danhe River, a typical sluice-controlled system on the Loess Plateau, by combining field monitoring (water mass tracking method) with indoor simulation experiments.&#xa0;Key findings reveal that flow velocity is the dominant factor,&#xa0;exhibiting a significant positive correlation with the degradation coefficients of COD, BOD₅, NH₄⁺-N, and TP (p &lt; 0.01). We established linear regression models (<i>K</i> (COD) = − 1.629 + 6.941<i>v</i>, R = 0.778; <i>K</i> (BOD<sub>5</sub>) = − 0.981 + 3.934<i>v</i>, R = 0.754; <i>K</i> (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N) = − 1.753 + 5.894<i>v</i>, R = 0.869; <i>K</i> (TP) = − 3.454 + 15.151<i>v</i>, R = 0.859) to quantitatively predict degradation coefficients based on flow velocity.&#xa0;Furthermore, river morphology significantly modulates this relationship;&#xa0;the straight river reach demonstrated higher degradation efficiencies than the curved reach. Notably, sluice opening enhanced degradation coefficients in the straight reach (e.g., COD increased by 0.94 d⁻<sup>1</sup>) but reduced them in the curved reach, likely due to bank erosion and sediment re-suspension. Consequently, constructing sluices in straight reaches is more conducive to improving the river pollutant degradation coefficient.&#xa0;Temperature also significantly influenced degradation, with coefficients for COD, BOD₅, and NH₄⁺-N increasing markedly from 10&#xa0;°C to 30&#xa0;°C.&#xa0;Critically, degradation coefficients under natural hydrodynamic conditions were substantially larger than under static conditions, underscoring the crucial role of hydrodynamics.&#xa0;This study provides&#xa0;novel quantitative models and&#xa0;fundamental data for optimizing sluice operations to enhance the self-purification capacity and improve water quality in river networks of the Loess Plateau and similar regions.</p>

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The impact of Sluice Operation on the Degradation Coefficients of Typical Pollutants in the Rivers of the Loess Plateau in China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月2日

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  • Honghao Wang,
  • Na Liu,
  • Yunfang Guo,
  • Huanlian Ren,
  • Chunlei Tang,
  • Hua Jin

摘要

The operation of sluices alters river hydrological conditions, thereby influencing the migration and degradation coefficients of pollutants. However, research focusing on the quantitative correlation between sluice operations and pollutant degradation coefficients, particularly in the unique context of the Loess Plateau, remains insufficient. To address this gap, this study investigated the Danhe River, a typical sluice-controlled system on the Loess Plateau, by combining field monitoring (water mass tracking method) with indoor simulation experiments. Key findings reveal that flow velocity is the dominant factor, exhibiting a significant positive correlation with the degradation coefficients of COD, BOD₅, NH₄⁺-N, and TP (p < 0.01). We established linear regression models (K (COD) = − 1.629 + 6.941v, R = 0.778; K (BOD5) = − 0.981 + 3.934v, R = 0.754; K (NH4+-N) = − 1.753 + 5.894v, R = 0.869; K (TP) = − 3.454 + 15.151v, R = 0.859) to quantitatively predict degradation coefficients based on flow velocity. Furthermore, river morphology significantly modulates this relationship; the straight river reach demonstrated higher degradation efficiencies than the curved reach. Notably, sluice opening enhanced degradation coefficients in the straight reach (e.g., COD increased by 0.94 d⁻1) but reduced them in the curved reach, likely due to bank erosion and sediment re-suspension. Consequently, constructing sluices in straight reaches is more conducive to improving the river pollutant degradation coefficient. Temperature also significantly influenced degradation, with coefficients for COD, BOD₅, and NH₄⁺-N increasing markedly from 10 °C to 30 °C. Critically, degradation coefficients under natural hydrodynamic conditions were substantially larger than under static conditions, underscoring the crucial role of hydrodynamics. This study provides novel quantitative models and fundamental data for optimizing sluice operations to enhance the self-purification capacity and improve water quality in river networks of the Loess Plateau and similar regions.