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<p>Blast furnace slag (BFS) is an industrial by-product that generates large volumes of waste and poses potential environmental risks, necessitating its safe utilization. In this study, iron (hydr)oxide modified blast furnace slag (FBFS) was prepared by loading iron (hydro)oxides onto BFS for the remediate of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) from aqueous solutions and soil. This adsorbent not only provides a novel approach for valorizing BFS but also prevents the agglomeration of iron (hydr)oxide particles, resulting in more surface functional groups (such as Fe–O and –OH) and an increased specific surface area. The results showed that the adsorption process of Pb fit the PSO and Langmuir models, and that of Cd followed the Elovich and Langmuir models. The maximum adsorption capacities of Pb and Cd by FBFS2 and FBFS6 in single-component system were 352.93, 395.15, and 112.34, 119.04&#xa0;mg·g<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. In binary system, Pb exhibited a stronger inhibitory effect on Cd adsorption. The underlying mechanisms, including ion exchange, complexation, precipitation, and flocculation. In addition, FBFS significantly reduced the bioavailability of Pb, Cd and Zn in the soil, decreased by 20.03%, 45.86% and 58.75%, respectively. This study suggests that FBFS is a promising candidate for the simultaneous remediation of heavy metals in both aqueous solution and contained soil.</p>

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Iron (Hydr)Oxide Modified Blast Furnace Slag for Pb and Cd Remediation in Aqueous Solution and Soil: Behavior and Mechanisms

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月3日

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  • Chuiyun Tang,
  • Jun Yao,
  • Xingyu Liu,
  • Ying Lv,
  • Jianli Liu,
  • K. Masakorala

摘要

Blast furnace slag (BFS) is an industrial by-product that generates large volumes of waste and poses potential environmental risks, necessitating its safe utilization. In this study, iron (hydr)oxide modified blast furnace slag (FBFS) was prepared by loading iron (hydro)oxides onto BFS for the remediate of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) from aqueous solutions and soil. This adsorbent not only provides a novel approach for valorizing BFS but also prevents the agglomeration of iron (hydr)oxide particles, resulting in more surface functional groups (such as Fe–O and –OH) and an increased specific surface area. The results showed that the adsorption process of Pb fit the PSO and Langmuir models, and that of Cd followed the Elovich and Langmuir models. The maximum adsorption capacities of Pb and Cd by FBFS2 and FBFS6 in single-component system were 352.93, 395.15, and 112.34, 119.04 mg·g−1, respectively. In binary system, Pb exhibited a stronger inhibitory effect on Cd adsorption. The underlying mechanisms, including ion exchange, complexation, precipitation, and flocculation. In addition, FBFS significantly reduced the bioavailability of Pb, Cd and Zn in the soil, decreased by 20.03%, 45.86% and 58.75%, respectively. This study suggests that FBFS is a promising candidate for the simultaneous remediation of heavy metals in both aqueous solution and contained soil.