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<p>In this study, the chemical constitution and microbial heterogeneity of a natural soda water spring situated in Çerme Village, Turkey were examined. In the chemical assessments, it was ascertained that several parameters such as pH, calcium, magnesium, chloride, bicarbonate and total organic matter were in accordance with potable water criteria. However, it was determined that some elements such as manganese (0.83487&#xa0;mg/L), nitrite, ammonium, iron, aluminum, copper and sulfur exceeded the limit values. A total of 12 bacteria were isolated using culture-based methods and these isolates were identified at species level. The bacteria that were isolated are composed of the genera <i>Staphylococcus</i>, <i>Kurthia</i>, <i>Micrococcus</i>, <i>Pseudomonas</i>, and <i>Listeria</i>. The Shannon diversity index (H′ = 1.86) suggests that there is moderate microbial diversity. It is worth mentioning that the very high concentration of manganese seems to be the main factor in this spring ecosystem—the survival of metal-tolerant environmental bacteria is the result of selective pressure that is exerting strong influence. The findings from this research indicate the importance of periodical examination of natural water sources that have been traditionally used. In addition, these findings reveal significant patterns of bacterial diversity in areas contaminated with metals.</p>

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Identification and Characterization of Environmental Bacteria Isolated in a Naturally Carbonated Spring in Türkiye: Chemical and Microbial Responses to Excessive Manganese Accumulation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月11日

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  • Orhan Uluçay

摘要

In this study, the chemical constitution and microbial heterogeneity of a natural soda water spring situated in Çerme Village, Turkey were examined. In the chemical assessments, it was ascertained that several parameters such as pH, calcium, magnesium, chloride, bicarbonate and total organic matter were in accordance with potable water criteria. However, it was determined that some elements such as manganese (0.83487 mg/L), nitrite, ammonium, iron, aluminum, copper and sulfur exceeded the limit values. A total of 12 bacteria were isolated using culture-based methods and these isolates were identified at species level. The bacteria that were isolated are composed of the genera Staphylococcus, Kurthia, Micrococcus, Pseudomonas, and Listeria. The Shannon diversity index (H′ = 1.86) suggests that there is moderate microbial diversity. It is worth mentioning that the very high concentration of manganese seems to be the main factor in this spring ecosystem—the survival of metal-tolerant environmental bacteria is the result of selective pressure that is exerting strong influence. The findings from this research indicate the importance of periodical examination of natural water sources that have been traditionally used. In addition, these findings reveal significant patterns of bacterial diversity in areas contaminated with metals.