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<p>Feather waste is produced in significant quantities as a by-product of industrial poultry processing. Keratin-derived hydrolysates, recognized for their biological properties, have garnered significant research interest. So, this study aimed to valorize high-protein feather waste for feed purpose through microbial fermentation by food-safe <i>Bacillus</i> strains. In view of this, two standard strains of <i>Bacillus.pumilus</i> PTCC 1733 and <i>Bacillus.subtilis</i> PTCC were evaluated for feather waste hydrolysis. After 15&#xa0;days, the degree of feather degradation and keratinase activity of <i>B.subtilis</i> and <i>B.pumilus</i> were 26.0 ± 1.00 (%), 29.0 ± 0.5 (%), 8.3 ± 0.43 (U/mL), and 12.6 ± 0.5 (U/mL), respectively when cultivated on a basal medium containing 1% chicken feather waste. The SEM imaging showed completely structural decomposition of chicken feather. Two Bacillus strains' enzymatic extracts successfully hydrolyzed gelatin and keratin, according to zymography studies. Also, the number of isoenzymes in <i>B.pumilus</i> was higher than that of <i>B.subtilis</i>. The microbial hydrolysis of feathers resulted in a release of soluble proteins, an elevation in amine groups, and the synthesis of compounds with antioxidant properties. Among these strains, <i>B.subtilis</i> had superior antioxidant activity, demonstrating a 42.17% capacity to inhibit DPPH free radicals and an 84.11% iron chelating ability. Cell viability attained 32% and 40% due to the metabolites from the microbial degradation of <i>B. subtilis</i> and <i>B. pumilus</i>, respectively. Evidence from this study confirmed safety of&#xa0;<i>Bacillus</i>-derived enzymes for applications in animal feed, food processing, and related industries.</p>

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Biodegradation of Chicken Feather Waste by Two Keratinolytic Bacillus Strains, Accompanied by the Production of Protein Hydrolysate with Antioxidative Properties

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月23日

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  • Nasrin Mohaghegh,
  • Fakhrisadat Hosseini,
  • Zahra Moosavi-Nejad,
  • Elahe Mobarak Qamsari

摘要

Feather waste is produced in significant quantities as a by-product of industrial poultry processing. Keratin-derived hydrolysates, recognized for their biological properties, have garnered significant research interest. So, this study aimed to valorize high-protein feather waste for feed purpose through microbial fermentation by food-safe Bacillus strains. In view of this, two standard strains of Bacillus.pumilus PTCC 1733 and Bacillus.subtilis PTCC were evaluated for feather waste hydrolysis. After 15 days, the degree of feather degradation and keratinase activity of B.subtilis and B.pumilus were 26.0 ± 1.00 (%), 29.0 ± 0.5 (%), 8.3 ± 0.43 (U/mL), and 12.6 ± 0.5 (U/mL), respectively when cultivated on a basal medium containing 1% chicken feather waste. The SEM imaging showed completely structural decomposition of chicken feather. Two Bacillus strains' enzymatic extracts successfully hydrolyzed gelatin and keratin, according to zymography studies. Also, the number of isoenzymes in B.pumilus was higher than that of B.subtilis. The microbial hydrolysis of feathers resulted in a release of soluble proteins, an elevation in amine groups, and the synthesis of compounds with antioxidant properties. Among these strains, B.subtilis had superior antioxidant activity, demonstrating a 42.17% capacity to inhibit DPPH free radicals and an 84.11% iron chelating ability. Cell viability attained 32% and 40% due to the metabolites from the microbial degradation of B. subtilis and B. pumilus, respectively. Evidence from this study confirmed safety of Bacillus-derived enzymes for applications in animal feed, food processing, and related industries.