Effects of Biochar on the Phytoremediation and Bioavailability of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Field-Contaminated soils
摘要
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in polluted soil poses environmental risks and inhibits soil safe use. Although biochar (BC) and phytoremediation are frequently applied to enhance PAH dissipation in soil, their combined effect on remediation, particularly in naturally contaminated field soils, remains poorly understood. Hence, a five-month pot experiment was conducted using three distinct types of naturally field-contaminated soils—Calcareous soil, Phaeozems, and Haplic Luvisol—along with ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and cedar branch-derived BC. The objective was to evaluate the effect of BC on phytoremediation and bioavailability of PAHs in these soils. Results indicated that BC significantly increased ryegrass biomass in all soils (p < 0.01), but the increase was least in Phaeozems with highest organic carbon content. BC also significantly reduced total Σ15PAHs in all soils, though this effect become negligible when combined with ryegrass. BC decreased available Σ15PAHs in Calcareous soil but not in other soils. When combined with ryegrass, BC significantly decreased available Σ15PAHs in Calcareous soil and Phaeozems but increased in Haplic Luvisol. BC generally reduced PAH accumulation in ryegrass roots and leaves (p < 0.05) except for roots in Phaeozems. It decreased the translocation factor (TF) value of total Σ15PAHs in Calcareous soil and Phaeozems but increased it in Haplic Luvisol (p < 0.05). Thus, incorporating BC into soils with diverse physico-chemical properties exerts varied effects on PAH bioavailability and translocation in plants. Tailoring BC use to soil properties is crucial for effective remediation.