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<p>In this study, four representative metal–organic frameworks (MOFs)—UiO-66, MIL-101, HKUST-1, and ZIF-8—were synthesized via a solvothermal method under identical reaction conditions and systematically characterized using SEM–EDS, XRD, FT-IR, BET, and XPS techniques. Structural analyses confirmed that all four MOFs exhibit well-defined crystalline morphologies, uniform elemental distribution, and successful coordination between metal centers and organic ligands. Among them, UiO-66 displayed the highest specific surface area (742.54 m<sup>2</sup>/g), a uniform mesoporous structure, and favorable textural properties. Adsorption experiments targeting ibuprofen (IBU) were performed to evaluate the sorption performance of the materials. Under optimal conditions (initial concentration 200&#xa0;mg/L, adsorbent dosage 0.3&#xa0;g/L), UiO-66 achieved the highest equilibrium adsorption capacity of 242.11&#xa0;mg/g and a removal efficiency of 36.32%, outperforming the other MOFs. Kinetic data fitted best to the pseudo-second-order model (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.998), indicating that chemisorption governs the adsorption process. The Langmuir isotherm (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.999) provided the best fit to equilibrium data, suggesting monolayer adsorption behavior with a maximum theoretical adsorption capacity (Qₘ) of 352.43&#xa0;mg/g. Mechanistic analysis via XPS and FT-IR demonstrated that IBU adsorption involves coordination between the carboxyl group of IBU and the unsaturated Zr<sup>4</sup>⁺ sites of UiO-66, forming Zr–O–C bonds. Additional intermolecular interactions, including hydrogen bonding and π–π stacking between the aromatic rings of H₂BDC ligands and IBU, further enhance adsorption affinity. Regeneration studies confirmed that UiO-66 retained over 92% of its original adsorption capacity after five cycles, highlighting its excellent stability and reusability. In conclusion, UiO-66 exhibits high adsorption performance, structural robustness, and regeneration ability, making it a highly promising and sustainable adsorbent for the efficient removal of ibuprofen from aqueous environments. These findings provide a solid foundation for future optimization and functional modification of MOF-based adsorbents for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment.</p>

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Adsorptive Removal of Ibuprofen from Aqueous Solution by UiO-66: Performance Evaluation and Mechanistic Insights

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月24日

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  • Luo Xinzeng,
  • Liu Yuling,
  • Wang Zhuoran,
  • Rong Wang,
  • Hao Shu,
  • Hongli Wang

摘要

In this study, four representative metal–organic frameworks (MOFs)—UiO-66, MIL-101, HKUST-1, and ZIF-8—were synthesized via a solvothermal method under identical reaction conditions and systematically characterized using SEM–EDS, XRD, FT-IR, BET, and XPS techniques. Structural analyses confirmed that all four MOFs exhibit well-defined crystalline morphologies, uniform elemental distribution, and successful coordination between metal centers and organic ligands. Among them, UiO-66 displayed the highest specific surface area (742.54 m2/g), a uniform mesoporous structure, and favorable textural properties. Adsorption experiments targeting ibuprofen (IBU) were performed to evaluate the sorption performance of the materials. Under optimal conditions (initial concentration 200 mg/L, adsorbent dosage 0.3 g/L), UiO-66 achieved the highest equilibrium adsorption capacity of 242.11 mg/g and a removal efficiency of 36.32%, outperforming the other MOFs. Kinetic data fitted best to the pseudo-second-order model (R2 = 0.998), indicating that chemisorption governs the adsorption process. The Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.999) provided the best fit to equilibrium data, suggesting monolayer adsorption behavior with a maximum theoretical adsorption capacity (Qₘ) of 352.43 mg/g. Mechanistic analysis via XPS and FT-IR demonstrated that IBU adsorption involves coordination between the carboxyl group of IBU and the unsaturated Zr4⁺ sites of UiO-66, forming Zr–O–C bonds. Additional intermolecular interactions, including hydrogen bonding and π–π stacking between the aromatic rings of H₂BDC ligands and IBU, further enhance adsorption affinity. Regeneration studies confirmed that UiO-66 retained over 92% of its original adsorption capacity after five cycles, highlighting its excellent stability and reusability. In conclusion, UiO-66 exhibits high adsorption performance, structural robustness, and regeneration ability, making it a highly promising and sustainable adsorbent for the efficient removal of ibuprofen from aqueous environments. These findings provide a solid foundation for future optimization and functional modification of MOF-based adsorbents for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment.