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<p>The Langdu (LD) wetland in the upper reaches of the Yellow River is an ecologically sensitive region where agricultural and animal husbandry activities are prominent, requiring improved soil quality. Despite this, research on the distribution and risk of heavy metals (HMs) in the region is limited. This study assessed the vertical distribution, sources, and contamination of HMs to evaluate the ecological risk in the LD-wetland. The soil profile was divided into three layers based on physicochemical properties. The soil transitioned from a reducing environment (-16.7&#xa0;mV) in the 0–15&#xa0;cm layer to an oxidizing condition (8.6&#xa0;mV) in the 30–65&#xa0;cm layer, with soil water content (SWC), pH, and total organic carbon (TOC) decreasing with depth. Cd concentration decreased with depth, while other HMs (Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) peaked around 25&#xa0;cm, likely due to HMs immobilization in the 0–30&#xa0;cm layer by high TOC, alkaline conditions, and rainwater leaching. HMs in plants were significantly higher than in soil, attributed to higher SWC, electrical conductivity (EC), and their non-degradable nature. Source analysis indicated that HMs originated from both anthropogenic and natural sources. Risk assessment showed moderate Cd contamination in the topsoil (0–5&#xa0;cm) and light contamination of Pb and Zn throughout the profile. Cd (0–50&#xa0;cm) and Pb (0–15&#xa0;cm) were identified as the main contributors to ecological risk, highlighting the need for effective management of human activities to protect the environment and public health.</p>

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Vertical Distribution, Source Identification and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Soil from Langdu-Wetland in Northwest China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月20日

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  • Qian Chao,
  • Chaofei Zhang,
  • Longmiao Yuan,
  • Gen Wang,
  • Zhe Ding,
  • Huiyang Mei,
  • Qiaohui Fan

摘要

The Langdu (LD) wetland in the upper reaches of the Yellow River is an ecologically sensitive region where agricultural and animal husbandry activities are prominent, requiring improved soil quality. Despite this, research on the distribution and risk of heavy metals (HMs) in the region is limited. This study assessed the vertical distribution, sources, and contamination of HMs to evaluate the ecological risk in the LD-wetland. The soil profile was divided into three layers based on physicochemical properties. The soil transitioned from a reducing environment (-16.7 mV) in the 0–15 cm layer to an oxidizing condition (8.6 mV) in the 30–65 cm layer, with soil water content (SWC), pH, and total organic carbon (TOC) decreasing with depth. Cd concentration decreased with depth, while other HMs (Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) peaked around 25 cm, likely due to HMs immobilization in the 0–30 cm layer by high TOC, alkaline conditions, and rainwater leaching. HMs in plants were significantly higher than in soil, attributed to higher SWC, electrical conductivity (EC), and their non-degradable nature. Source analysis indicated that HMs originated from both anthropogenic and natural sources. Risk assessment showed moderate Cd contamination in the topsoil (0–5 cm) and light contamination of Pb and Zn throughout the profile. Cd (0–50 cm) and Pb (0–15 cm) were identified as the main contributors to ecological risk, highlighting the need for effective management of human activities to protect the environment and public health.