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<p>This study aimed to assess the geochemical composition, contamination status, and associated health risks of trace metals (Cr, Zn, Cu, Ni, and Pb) in recent sediments from agricultural, urbanized, and industrial lowlands of Yaoundé, Cameroon. Thirty sediment samples were analyzed for trace metal contents using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), alongside physicochemical parameters including pH, redox potential (Eh), and grain size. The results indicate a predominance of fine particles (clay and silt). Enrichment and contamination factor (EF, CF) analyses reveal strong anthropogenic inputs from agriculture, atmospheric deposition, traffic, and domestic waste. Pearson correlation revealed positive relationships among trace metals and between metals and the fine fraction. Trace metal concentrations generally exceed the geochemical background, with the geo-accumulation index (Igeo) classifying sediments as moderately to heavily polluted for Cr, moderately polluted for Cu, Zn, and Ni, and unpolluted to moderately polluted for Pb. The pollution load index (PLI &gt; 1) confirms the overall impacted status of the sediments. Ecological risk assessment (RI) suggests low risk in agricultural zones, but interpretation requires integration with EF, CF, Igeo, and PLI values. Multivariate analysis shows Cr concentrated in Yaoundé III and V, while Pb, Ni, and Zn are elevated in urbanized and agricultural areas, and Cu is enriched across all zones. Health risk assessment shows non-carcinogenic risks mainly from Cr and Pb (HI &gt; 1), while total lifetime cancer risk (TCR) remains critical. Overall, districts Yaoundé VI and VII represent high-risk areas with significant environmental and health implications.</p>

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Geochemistry and Environmental Assessment of Trace Elements in Marshy Sediments in Urban Areas of Yaounde (Cameroon)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月17日

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  • Cedric Kouakam,
  • Salomon Bertrant Bisse,
  • Eric Ekoko Bokanda,
  • Isaac-Yannick Bomeni,
  • Daniel Florent Akono,
  • Emile Ekomane

摘要

This study aimed to assess the geochemical composition, contamination status, and associated health risks of trace metals (Cr, Zn, Cu, Ni, and Pb) in recent sediments from agricultural, urbanized, and industrial lowlands of Yaoundé, Cameroon. Thirty sediment samples were analyzed for trace metal contents using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), alongside physicochemical parameters including pH, redox potential (Eh), and grain size. The results indicate a predominance of fine particles (clay and silt). Enrichment and contamination factor (EF, CF) analyses reveal strong anthropogenic inputs from agriculture, atmospheric deposition, traffic, and domestic waste. Pearson correlation revealed positive relationships among trace metals and between metals and the fine fraction. Trace metal concentrations generally exceed the geochemical background, with the geo-accumulation index (Igeo) classifying sediments as moderately to heavily polluted for Cr, moderately polluted for Cu, Zn, and Ni, and unpolluted to moderately polluted for Pb. The pollution load index (PLI > 1) confirms the overall impacted status of the sediments. Ecological risk assessment (RI) suggests low risk in agricultural zones, but interpretation requires integration with EF, CF, Igeo, and PLI values. Multivariate analysis shows Cr concentrated in Yaoundé III and V, while Pb, Ni, and Zn are elevated in urbanized and agricultural areas, and Cu is enriched across all zones. Health risk assessment shows non-carcinogenic risks mainly from Cr and Pb (HI > 1), while total lifetime cancer risk (TCR) remains critical. Overall, districts Yaoundé VI and VII represent high-risk areas with significant environmental and health implications.