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<p>Persistent pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) such as diclofenac (DCF) were inadequately removed by conventional wastewater treatments, posing global water contamination issues. This study addressed this issue by investigating efficient DCF removal using novel PREC with Al-Zn electrodes, optimized via conventional experiments and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Exceptional DCF removal (93.7%) was achieved under optimized conditions (initial DCF: 20&#xa0;mg/L, current: 0.6 A, pH 7.0, stirring: 600&#xa0;rpm), outperforming standard electrocoagulation. UV–Vis analysis revealed DCF removal via floc adsorption and ·OH radical degradation. Characterized as ZnAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> with weak crystallinity, the flocs showed significant adsorption capacity and interacted with DCF functional groups. HPLC-TOF–MS detection of intermediates indicated DCF degradation via hydroxylation, decarboxylation, C-N bond cleavage, and benzene ring opening, forming small molecules, CO<sub>2</sub>, and H<sub>2</sub>O. Adsorption behavior conformed to the pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetic model. The synergy of floc adsorption and ·OH-mediated degradation in PREC enabled efficient DCF removal, offering a promising advanced technology for PPCPs wastewater treatment.</p>

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Synergistic Adsorption-Degradation of Diclofenac Sodium via Al-Zn Periodically Reverse Electrocoagulation (PREC): Mechanistic Optimization and Remediation Performance

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月20日

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  • Yang Liu,
  • Qibing Li,
  • Wenkai Zhang,
  • Jia Bao,
  • Yongxiang Jiang,
  • Xin Wang,
  • Xiaomin Hu

摘要

Persistent pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) such as diclofenac (DCF) were inadequately removed by conventional wastewater treatments, posing global water contamination issues. This study addressed this issue by investigating efficient DCF removal using novel PREC with Al-Zn electrodes, optimized via conventional experiments and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Exceptional DCF removal (93.7%) was achieved under optimized conditions (initial DCF: 20 mg/L, current: 0.6 A, pH 7.0, stirring: 600 rpm), outperforming standard electrocoagulation. UV–Vis analysis revealed DCF removal via floc adsorption and ·OH radical degradation. Characterized as ZnAl2O4 with weak crystallinity, the flocs showed significant adsorption capacity and interacted with DCF functional groups. HPLC-TOF–MS detection of intermediates indicated DCF degradation via hydroxylation, decarboxylation, C-N bond cleavage, and benzene ring opening, forming small molecules, CO2, and H2O. Adsorption behavior conformed to the pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetic model. The synergy of floc adsorption and ·OH-mediated degradation in PREC enabled efficient DCF removal, offering a promising advanced technology for PPCPs wastewater treatment.