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<p>The content of trace metals and As, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organochlorine compounds (OCCs) in the surface bottom sediments of the main seaport zone of the Russian Far East (the Nakhodka Bay, Peter the Great Bay, the Sea of Japan, Russia) was investigated. Ten sampling sites were selected to represent varying intensities of anthropogenic impact, including industrial, port, and recreational zones. From the concentrations determined, individual (enrichment factor (<i>EF</i>), modified hazard quotient (<i>mHQ</i>)) and combined (potential ecological risk index (<i>RI</i>), modified contamination degree (<i>mCd</i>), toxic risk index (<i>TRI</i>)) indices of contamination and potential toxicity were calculated. In addition to the analytical methods of investigation, a biological assessment of the toxicity of the studied samples was carried out using larvae of the sand dollar <i>Scaphechinus mirabilis</i> Agassiz, 1864. According to the results, the concentrations of Cu, Zn and As and ∑PCB in the sediments of selected zones of the bay were close to the TEL limits of the Canadian SQG guidelines, but well above the background values established for the region. The concentrations of <i>γ</i>-HCH detected were in excess of the TEL and PEL thresholds. The results of the calculations of individual toxicity indices indicated the no or insignificant toxicity of most of the analyzed pollutant concentrations, except for <i>γ</i>-HCH. The degree of contamination was found to be at an extreme severity for the <i>γ</i>-isomer of HCH in all sediment samples (<i>mHQ</i> &gt; 3.5). Calculations of complex indices indicate an insignificant level of contamination and potential toxicity of the sediments studied. The bioassay with sand dollar larvae showed a high degree of inhibition of larval development (more than 50% of the larvae developed abnormally) at most of the stations. The present study contributes significantly to the database on a wide range of pollutants and levels of contamination and toxicity in sediments sampled in the Nakhodka Bay.</p>

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Pollution and Toxicity Status of Coastal Marine Sediments of the Largest Russian Far East Seaport Zone in the Nakhodka Bay

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月6日

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  • Marina Mazur,
  • Elena Zhuravel,
  • Lidia Kovekovdova,
  • Maksim Donets,
  • Andrey Mazur

摘要

The content of trace metals and As, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organochlorine compounds (OCCs) in the surface bottom sediments of the main seaport zone of the Russian Far East (the Nakhodka Bay, Peter the Great Bay, the Sea of Japan, Russia) was investigated. Ten sampling sites were selected to represent varying intensities of anthropogenic impact, including industrial, port, and recreational zones. From the concentrations determined, individual (enrichment factor (EF), modified hazard quotient (mHQ)) and combined (potential ecological risk index (RI), modified contamination degree (mCd), toxic risk index (TRI)) indices of contamination and potential toxicity were calculated. In addition to the analytical methods of investigation, a biological assessment of the toxicity of the studied samples was carried out using larvae of the sand dollar Scaphechinus mirabilis Agassiz, 1864. According to the results, the concentrations of Cu, Zn and As and ∑PCB in the sediments of selected zones of the bay were close to the TEL limits of the Canadian SQG guidelines, but well above the background values established for the region. The concentrations of γ-HCH detected were in excess of the TEL and PEL thresholds. The results of the calculations of individual toxicity indices indicated the no or insignificant toxicity of most of the analyzed pollutant concentrations, except for γ-HCH. The degree of contamination was found to be at an extreme severity for the γ-isomer of HCH in all sediment samples (mHQ > 3.5). Calculations of complex indices indicate an insignificant level of contamination and potential toxicity of the sediments studied. The bioassay with sand dollar larvae showed a high degree of inhibition of larval development (more than 50% of the larvae developed abnormally) at most of the stations. The present study contributes significantly to the database on a wide range of pollutants and levels of contamination and toxicity in sediments sampled in the Nakhodka Bay.