<p>This study examines the significant health risks posed by air pollution in Cairo, Egypt, with a focus on the Shaq Al Thoaban industrial area within Helwan City. The study evaluated the impact of industrial activities, particularly the marble and granite industries, on the air quality of adjacent residential neighborhoods. Measurements of various pollutants, including particulate matter (PM), hazardous gases, and heavy metal contamination, were conducted. The results showed notable differences in pollutant concentrations between industrial and residential sites, with industrial hotspots exhibiting higher levels. Notably, PM_2.5 concentrations reached critical levels, far exceeding World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. The study also found that meteorological conditions, such as temperature and wind speed, significantly influence pollutant dispersion. The environmental and health impacts were underscored by data showing elevated PM_2.5 levels adversely affecting public health, particularly in vulnerable populations. The study recommends urgent implementation of enhanced air quality measures and strict waste management practices within the marble and granite industries, as well as continuous monitoring and detailed analysis of air quality data to develop targeted pollution control policies.</p>