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<p>Antibiotic resistance, particularly in hospital wastewater (HWW), is not only a significant threat to public health but also an urgent crisis. This review delves into the prevalence of multidrug-resistant pathogens in hospital effluents across various cities in Iran, revealing alarming resistance rates in common bacteria such as <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. These findings are not isolated incidents but are part of a global trend of antibiotic resistance in healthcare settings. This study highlights the pressing need for effective management and treatment of hospital wastewater to mitigate the risks associated with nosocomial infections and environmental contamination. Various treatment methods, including biological, chemical, and hybrid systems, are discussed, each highlighting the need for immediate action and compliance with wastewater management protocols. This review underscores the importance of continued research and collaboration among healthcare facilities, regulatory bodies, and technology developers to establish best practices that promote sustainable solutions for combating antibiotic resistance and protecting public health.</p>

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A Review of the Prevalence and Resistance Profiles of Bacteria in Hospital Wastewater in Iran: Implications for Public Health

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月4日

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  • Sabereh Ahmadzadeh

摘要

Antibiotic resistance, particularly in hospital wastewater (HWW), is not only a significant threat to public health but also an urgent crisis. This review delves into the prevalence of multidrug-resistant pathogens in hospital effluents across various cities in Iran, revealing alarming resistance rates in common bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. These findings are not isolated incidents but are part of a global trend of antibiotic resistance in healthcare settings. This study highlights the pressing need for effective management and treatment of hospital wastewater to mitigate the risks associated with nosocomial infections and environmental contamination. Various treatment methods, including biological, chemical, and hybrid systems, are discussed, each highlighting the need for immediate action and compliance with wastewater management protocols. This review underscores the importance of continued research and collaboration among healthcare facilities, regulatory bodies, and technology developers to establish best practices that promote sustainable solutions for combating antibiotic resistance and protecting public health.