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<p>To address the limitations of biochar (BC) for sustainable adsorption and the immobilization of lipase, a novel composite material, lipase immobilized on biochar (L@BC), was developed through optimized BC processing and lipase feedstock. Adsorption experiments, kinetic modelling, and characterization techniques were used to optimize the adsorption performance of L@BC for dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and elucidate its removal mechanism. The results revealed that L@BC significantly enhanced both the DBP removal efficiency and environmental adaptability in water. Lipase degraded DBP into smaller molecules facilitating faster adsorption by BC. Simultaneously, BC provided a stable microenvironment for lipases, improving its pH tolerance and enabling efficient DBP removal over a wider pH range with enhanced regeneration potential. L@BC exhibited superior monolayer and multilayer adsorption capacities, achieving higher adsorption rates and capacities through physical and rapid adsorption mechanisms. The immobilization of lipase altered BC’s surface structure, increasing the surface area, reducing pore size, and enhancing the adsorption and screening of small molecule DBP. The introduction of functional groups like -COOH and -OH increased the polarity of BC, boosting DBP physisorption. Concludingly, the L@BC composite effectively overcomes the limitations of traditional BC and lipase, offering an environmentally friendly and cost-effective solution for treating phthalate ester pollution.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Removal Performance and Mechanism of Di-n-butyl Phthalate (DBP) by Lipase Immobilized on Biochar: Preparation and Analysis of a Novel Composite Material

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月3日

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  • Mengyao Zou,
  • Xuan Zhang,
  • Danfeng Dai,
  • Man Jiang,
  • Mengli Jiang,
  • Yuan Gao,
  • Jianfeng Luo,
  • Dan A

摘要

To address the limitations of biochar (BC) for sustainable adsorption and the immobilization of lipase, a novel composite material, lipase immobilized on biochar (L@BC), was developed through optimized BC processing and lipase feedstock. Adsorption experiments, kinetic modelling, and characterization techniques were used to optimize the adsorption performance of L@BC for dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and elucidate its removal mechanism. The results revealed that L@BC significantly enhanced both the DBP removal efficiency and environmental adaptability in water. Lipase degraded DBP into smaller molecules facilitating faster adsorption by BC. Simultaneously, BC provided a stable microenvironment for lipases, improving its pH tolerance and enabling efficient DBP removal over a wider pH range with enhanced regeneration potential. L@BC exhibited superior monolayer and multilayer adsorption capacities, achieving higher adsorption rates and capacities through physical and rapid adsorption mechanisms. The immobilization of lipase altered BC’s surface structure, increasing the surface area, reducing pore size, and enhancing the adsorption and screening of small molecule DBP. The introduction of functional groups like -COOH and -OH increased the polarity of BC, boosting DBP physisorption. Concludingly, the L@BC composite effectively overcomes the limitations of traditional BC and lipase, offering an environmentally friendly and cost-effective solution for treating phthalate ester pollution.

Graphical Abstract