Effects of Salinity and Cadmium Interactions on Cadmium Accumulation in Rice Grains and Associated Human Health Risk
摘要
Rice cultivation in saline soils is now under great pressure due to the detected interactions of salinity and cadmium (Cd) toxicities. Such environmental conditions naturally exist in the southwest coastal zones of Bangladesh. However, our knowledge of the Cd accumulating traits and associated hazards to human health of salt-tolerant rice in Cd-laden saline conditions is scarce. Therefore, a greenhouse test was conducted to appraise the effects of adding Cd (0, 5, 10 mg/kg) and salt stress (0, 4, 8 dS/m) on the build-up of grain Cd of three salt-tolerant rice genotypes: BRRI dhan 47 (BRRI 47), BINA dhan 8 (BINA 8) and BRRI dhan 67 (BRRI 67). Under Cd stress conditions, BRRI 47 revealed the most grain Cd accumulation (81.44%) and uptake (77.92 g/plant), while BRRI 67 demonstrated a synergistic interaction with combined treatment. BINA 8 rice showed greater Cd tolerance against stress than the other genotypes at high salinity levels. Additionally, when combined, salinity did not significantly impact the grain Cd transfer. Agronomic and yield characteristics were significantly inhibited by the application of Cd or salt stresses and the BRRI 47 rice genotype displayed greater sensitivity in this regard. All rice genotypes produced under Cd stress and in combination with salt stress had higher hazard quotient (HQ) values, which may endanger both adults' and children’s health. The presence of salt aggravated the Cd accumulation in the grain of BRRI 47 and BRRI 67, which may increase dangers to people’s health. Cultivation of the BINA 8 rice variety may pose less health risk for people of the region.