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<p>This study investigates heavy metal contamination in street dust samples collected from Abadan, Iran, and evaluates associated environmental and health risks. Twenty-one samples obtained in September 2022 were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), revealing significantly elevated concentrations of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), and arsenic (As). Enrichment factor calculations demonstrated substantial anthropogenic influence, with Pb (enrichment factor = 9.89) and Cd (enrichment factor = 7.70) showing particularly pronounced enrichment. Geoaccumulation index values indicated moderate to severe accumulation of Pb (geoaccumulation index = 1.48) and Cd (geoaccumulation index = 1.14) in the urban environment. Ecological risk assessment identified Cd (ecological risk index = 106.48) as the predominant contributor to potential environmental degradation. Health risk evaluation results determined ingestion to be the primary exposure pathway, with children exhibiting greater vulnerability (hazard index = 0.66). Among the analyzed metals, Pb, manganese (Mn), and chromium (Cr) presented the most significant non-carcinogenic health concerns. The carcinogenic risk assessment revealed that inhalation exposure to Cr (carcinogenic risk = 0.015) surpassed established safety Limits. Multivariate statistical analysis attributed 68% of heavy metal contamination to anthropogenic sources, principally vehicular emissions, petroleum refinery operations, and industrial manufacturing processes. These results offer scientifically rigorous evidence to inform environmental management strategies and prioritize intervention measures in high-exposure urban areas.</p>

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Assessment of Heavy Metals in Street Dust of Abadan City

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月3日

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  • Mohammad Amin Hakimipoor,
  • Sedigheh Battaleb-Looie,
  • Hossein Mohammad Asgari,
  • Hakimeh Amanipoor

摘要

This study investigates heavy metal contamination in street dust samples collected from Abadan, Iran, and evaluates associated environmental and health risks. Twenty-one samples obtained in September 2022 were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), revealing significantly elevated concentrations of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), and arsenic (As). Enrichment factor calculations demonstrated substantial anthropogenic influence, with Pb (enrichment factor = 9.89) and Cd (enrichment factor = 7.70) showing particularly pronounced enrichment. Geoaccumulation index values indicated moderate to severe accumulation of Pb (geoaccumulation index = 1.48) and Cd (geoaccumulation index = 1.14) in the urban environment. Ecological risk assessment identified Cd (ecological risk index = 106.48) as the predominant contributor to potential environmental degradation. Health risk evaluation results determined ingestion to be the primary exposure pathway, with children exhibiting greater vulnerability (hazard index = 0.66). Among the analyzed metals, Pb, manganese (Mn), and chromium (Cr) presented the most significant non-carcinogenic health concerns. The carcinogenic risk assessment revealed that inhalation exposure to Cr (carcinogenic risk = 0.015) surpassed established safety Limits. Multivariate statistical analysis attributed 68% of heavy metal contamination to anthropogenic sources, principally vehicular emissions, petroleum refinery operations, and industrial manufacturing processes. These results offer scientifically rigorous evidence to inform environmental management strategies and prioritize intervention measures in high-exposure urban areas.