<p>The concerning increase in plastic pollution has led to the pervasive presence of microplastics in various environments worldwide. Microplastics (MPs), in conjunction with wastewater, ultimately find their way to wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Anaerobic digestion stands out as a widely employed technique for stabilizing sludge in wastewater treatment plants. The influence of microbial populations on the anaerobic digestion process is contingent upon various factors, including their type, size, concentration, and the presence of additive materials. Research indicates that MPs contribute to oxidative stress and influence the microbial community within the system. Furthermore, they serve as carriers of pollutants by adsorbing organic pollutants, heavy metals, and antibiotics, potentially impacting the process of anaerobic digestion. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the influence of MPs on anaerobic digestion systems. This review offers a thorough examination of the origins of MPs, the various characterization methods employed, and their implications for anaerobic digestion. This review further examines the role of microplastics as vectors&#xa0;for&#xa0;pollutants,&#xa0;along&#xa0;with&#xa0;their&#xa0;eventual&#xa0;fate.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>