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<p>The presence of analgesics in wastewater from hospitals contributes significantly to environmental pollution as they persist, bioaccumulate, and are toxic to aquatic ecosystems. Most conventional wastewater treatment techniques cannot completely remove these groups of pharmaceuticals, thus requiring advanced treatment technologies. This review presents recent developments in removing analgesics from hospital wastewater by nanomaterials via adsorption and photocatalytic degradation. Nanomaterials, such as metal oxides, carbon-based materials, and nanocomposites, display very high adsorption capacities and better photocatalytic efficiencies due to their large surface area, tunable surface chemistry, and special optical properties. Adsorption-based nanomaterials can rapidly and efficiently sequester drugs, and photocatalysts degrade them under light irradiation. The review critically discusses the mechanisms under which these processes take place or the influence of operational parameters and challenges in their real-life applicability, such as stability, regeneration, and cost of nanomaterials. Hybridization within nanomaterial systems is also emphasized as a promising direction to further improve removal efficiency. Future work should focus on improving the material design, recycling abilities, and toxicity evaluations as a basis for&#xa0;sustainable and scalable solutions for cleansing wastewater. This review goes deep into the possible potential contribution of nanotechnology in dealing with pharmaceutical pollution in hospital effluents.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Recent Advancements in the Removal of Analgesics from Hospital Wastewater using Nanomaterials via Adsorption and Photocatalytic Degradation Technologies

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月4日

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  • Jordana Georgin,
  • Dison S. P. Franco,
  • Noureddine El Messaoudi,
  • Youssef Miyah,
  • Younes Dehmani,
  • Xiuxiu Zhang,
  • Chongqing Wang,
  • Salah Knani

摘要

The presence of analgesics in wastewater from hospitals contributes significantly to environmental pollution as they persist, bioaccumulate, and are toxic to aquatic ecosystems. Most conventional wastewater treatment techniques cannot completely remove these groups of pharmaceuticals, thus requiring advanced treatment technologies. This review presents recent developments in removing analgesics from hospital wastewater by nanomaterials via adsorption and photocatalytic degradation. Nanomaterials, such as metal oxides, carbon-based materials, and nanocomposites, display very high adsorption capacities and better photocatalytic efficiencies due to their large surface area, tunable surface chemistry, and special optical properties. Adsorption-based nanomaterials can rapidly and efficiently sequester drugs, and photocatalysts degrade them under light irradiation. The review critically discusses the mechanisms under which these processes take place or the influence of operational parameters and challenges in their real-life applicability, such as stability, regeneration, and cost of nanomaterials. Hybridization within nanomaterial systems is also emphasized as a promising direction to further improve removal efficiency. Future work should focus on improving the material design, recycling abilities, and toxicity evaluations as a basis for sustainable and scalable solutions for cleansing wastewater. This review goes deep into the possible potential contribution of nanotechnology in dealing with pharmaceutical pollution in hospital effluents.

Graphical abstract