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<p>This study evaluates the long-term performance of a submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR) equipped with a hollow-fiber membrane for the treatment of synthetic industrial wastewater containing 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), a toxic and persistent phenolic compound. Operated continuously for 189 days at 36 ± 1 °C, the system demonstrated high and stable removal efficiencies, achieving a maximum removal of 99.63% for chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 99.6% for 2,4-DCP. Following the introduction of 2,4-DCP from day 118, the bioreactor exhibited a temporary decline in removal efficiency due to microbial stress, but quickly recovered, confirming strong microbial acclimation and process robustness. The average COD and 2,4-DCP removal rates were both 91.9%. Turbidity decreased by 63.98%, while total suspended solids (TSS) and total dissolved solids (TDS) removal efficiencies reached 95% and 94%, respectively. The hollow-fiber membrane module enhanced solid–liquid separation, contributed to fouling resistance, and supported stable trans-membrane pressure (TMP) over the long term. The bioreactor effectively treated varying organic loading rates (0.125–0.798 kg COD/m<sup>3</sup>·d), showcasing operational flexibility. Compared to conventional anaerobic systems, the SAnMBR presented superior performance without the need for auxiliary carbon sources, highlighting its suitability for high-strength phenolic wastewater.</p>

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Evaluation of the Long-Term Treatment Performance of a Submerged Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor for Phenolic Wastewater Treatment

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月7日

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  • Adel Kamyab Rudsari,
  • Milad Mousazadehgavan,
  • Mahsa Shahi Jouneghani,
  • Reza Ghanbari,
  • Hamzehali Jamali,
  • Reza Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani,
  • Malihe Qazi,
  • Khalid Hashim

摘要

This study evaluates the long-term performance of a submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR) equipped with a hollow-fiber membrane for the treatment of synthetic industrial wastewater containing 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), a toxic and persistent phenolic compound. Operated continuously for 189 days at 36 ± 1 °C, the system demonstrated high and stable removal efficiencies, achieving a maximum removal of 99.63% for chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 99.6% for 2,4-DCP. Following the introduction of 2,4-DCP from day 118, the bioreactor exhibited a temporary decline in removal efficiency due to microbial stress, but quickly recovered, confirming strong microbial acclimation and process robustness. The average COD and 2,4-DCP removal rates were both 91.9%. Turbidity decreased by 63.98%, while total suspended solids (TSS) and total dissolved solids (TDS) removal efficiencies reached 95% and 94%, respectively. The hollow-fiber membrane module enhanced solid–liquid separation, contributed to fouling resistance, and supported stable trans-membrane pressure (TMP) over the long term. The bioreactor effectively treated varying organic loading rates (0.125–0.798 kg COD/m3·d), showcasing operational flexibility. Compared to conventional anaerobic systems, the SAnMBR presented superior performance without the need for auxiliary carbon sources, highlighting its suitability for high-strength phenolic wastewater.