<p>The world is currently at high risk of a water crisis, a situation exacerbated by the rising human population and changing climatic conditions. Worldwide, agriculture is the largest water consumer with a share of about 2/3rd of the global fresh water. Moreover, it is projected that by 2050, the water required for agricultural irrigation will increase by 70% to meet the food demands of the growing global population. Freshwater scarcity and groundwater depletion necessitates the reuse of wastewater in agricultural production while its suitability always remains bone of contention among government officials and policymakers. Utilisation of treated wastewater in agriculture sectors offers several environmental, health and economic challenges along with few benefits. Drawbacks include the risk of exposure to pathogens, heavy metals toxicity, and soil salinization while nutrient supply, water resource saving and farm profitability are the identified cons. Treated wastewater has significant potential as an alternative water source for irrigation, but it is crucial to implement risk prevention measures to mitigate any negative impacts. A paradigm shift is currently underway with developed nations proactively treating on average 70% of generated wastewater while this magnitude drops to mere 8% in low-income countries. This article highlights both the beneficial and harmful impacts of wastewater application on soil, plants and human health while addressing advancements in treatment technologies that regulate its use for environmental sustainability.</p>